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ارزیابی عملکرد دانه، بهره وری آب و تحمل به شوری لاین‌های امیدبخش گندم نان | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 135، تیر 1401، صفحه 48-24 اصل مقاله (627.93 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2023.357100.1579 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الیاس آرزمجو* 1؛ اشکبوس امینی2 | ||
| 1استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان جنوبی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
| 2استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج- ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اصلاح ارقام متحمل با استفاده از روش‌های به‌نژادی و گزینش جزو روش‌های موثر در تولید و بهره‌برداری از خاک و آب شور به شمار می‌رود. بیست رقم و لاین گندم در دو محیط شور و بدون تنش شوری (به ترتیب با هدایت الکتریکی آب آبیاری 2/8 و 3/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و طی دو سال زراعی 1400-1398 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی محمدیه، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی خراسان جنوبی، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار ارزیابی گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد لاین‌های گندم واکنش متفاوتی نسبت به تنش شوری داشتند. تنش شوری به ترتیب منجر به کاهش 6/4، 9/21 و 4/21 درصدی ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه و بهره‌وری آب در گندم در مقایسه با شرایط بدون تنش شوری گردید. تجزیه خوشه‌ای منجر به قرارگیری ارقام برزگر و نارین و لاین‌های 3، 4 و 18 در گروه اول گردید که در آن لاین‌های مذکور از تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله کمتر و در مقابل از تعداد روز تا رسیدگی و همچنین دوره پر شدن دانه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه بیشتر از میانگین کل برخوردار بودند. با توجه به نتایج همبستگی، شاخص‌هایی که قادر به گزینش ارقام و لاین‌های متحمل با عملکرد بالا و پایدار در هر دو محیط هستند شامل MP، GMP، STI و HM می‌باشند. بر این اساس، لاین‌های 14، 13 و 20 به ترتیب حساس‌ترین و ارقام شاهد برزگر و نارین و لاین شماره 10 به ترتیب متحمل‌ترین ارقام و لاین‌ها به تنش شوری شناسایی شدند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گندم نان؛ تجزیه خوشه‌ای؛ تنش شوری؛ صفات زراعی؛ شاخص تحمل به تنش | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of grain yield, water productivity and salinity tolerance in bread wheat elite lines | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Elias Arazmjoo1؛ Ashkboos Amini2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Horticulture Crops Research Department, South Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, AREEO, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Salt stress affects 20% of global cultivable land and is increasing continuously owing to the change in climate and anthropogenic activities. Globally, wheat is cultivated on non-saline and saline soils, covering an area of approximately 214.79 million hectares (Becker-Reshef et al., 2020). Salinity stress negatively affects the growth and development of wheat leading to diminished grain yield and quality. For this reason, it is important to develop effective strategies to improve yield through salt tolerance. The breeding of salinity-tolerant cultivars through selection and breeding techniques is one of the effective methods in the production and exploitation of saline soil and water. Materials and Methods In order to study the effects of salinity stress on grain yield, phenological and morphological traits and salinity tolerance indices among bread wheat elite lines, two separate experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted in two saline and normal environments during two cropping years of 2019-2021. 20 wheat cultivars and elite lines cultivated at the South Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre. After determining the grain yield in both conditions, MP, GMP, TOL, HARM, STI and SSI indices were calculated and using SAS software, their correlation with grain yield was investigated and using STATISTICA software, the three-dimensional distribution of each cultivar and line was plotted. Combined analysis of variance was performed to determine the main and interaction effects in the two years of the experiment and the means were compared by Duncan's multiple range test at the level of 5% probability. Bartlett's uniformity test was performed before the combined analysis of variance. Analysis of variance and mean comparison was performed using SAS-9.0 software and cluster analysis was performed by Ward method through StatGraphics program. Results and Discussion The reaction of wheat lines were different in two environments and salinity stress reduced grain yield. The experimental results showed that different wheat lines react differently to salinity stress. Salinity stress decreased grain yield and morphological traits in all lines compared to normal conditions. Salinity stress shortens intermediates and reduces plant height and consequently leaf and shoot dry weight by reducing cell proliferation and reducing dry matter accumulation (Dura et al., 2011).The difference between cultivars and lines in terms of all phenological, morphological and grain yield in two years of the experiment was significant, which indicates the existence of appropriate diversity in the wheat elite lines. The existence of this genetic diversity can be very useful for selecting high-yielding wheat cultivars in salinity conditions. In the first year of implementation, Narin, line No. 3 and Barzegar with an average of 6494, 6227 and 6072 kg/ha, respectively, in normal conditions and Barzegar, line No. 18 and Narin with an average of 6361, 6166 and 5805 kg/ha respectively, had the highest grain yield under salinity stress. In the second year of the experiment, line number 16, 10 and 4 with an average of 5388, 5305 and 5155 kg/ha in normal condition and Narin, Barzegar and line No. 3 with an average of 4930, 4611 and 4180 kg/ha respectively, had the highest grain yield under salinity stress. Naturally, wheat lines grain yield under salinity stress was lower than their yield under normal conditions. Under these conditions, the plant leaf area of is greatly reduced, which reduces the photosynthetic capacity of the plant, and as a result, the amount of dry matter produced and ultimately the grain yield of the plant is reduced (Munns et al., 2002). Conclusion For selecting wheat cultivars and lines in the areas that are most exposed to salinity stress, YI, HM, GMP, STI, MP, RSI and YSI indices and in areas not exposed to salinity stress, MP and STI indices are suggested. Barzegar and Narin check cultivars and line number 10 were determined as the most tolerant and lines No. 14, 13 and 20 as the most sensitive lines to salinity stress by different indices. Cluster analysis of lines based on STI index led to the placement of Barzegar and Narin cultivars and lines No. 3, 4 and 18 in the first cluster in which the mentioned lines have fewer days to heading and in contrast more days to maturity, grain filling period, thousand-grain weights and higher grain yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bread Wheat, Cluster analysis, Salinity Stress, Agronomic Traits, Stress Tolerance Index | ||
| مراجع | ||
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