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تأثیر محیط و ژنوتیپ بر جوانهزنی و پوکی بذر سینگل‌کراس‌های چغندرقند | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 38، شماره 1، شهریور 1401، صفحه 71-82 اصل مقاله (1.22 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2023.360110.1312 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمدرضا میرزایی* | ||
| استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| محیط و ژنوتیپ گیاه مادری بر صفات کمی و کیفی بذر چغندرقند تأثیر می‌گذارد. در این تحقیق اثر پایه‌مادری و عوامل محیطی بر درصد وزنی عملکرد در طبقات اندازههای مختلف بذر، جوانهزنی و پوکی بذر 12 سینگلکراس چغندرقند مطالعه شد. سینگلکراسها از تلاقی دوازده پایه‌مادری نرعقیم با یک پایه‌پدری تهیه شدند. این تحقیق در قالب طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار طی سالهای 1393 و 1394در کرج انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که علاوه‌بر ژنوتیپ، شرایط نامناسب محیط تولید بذر باعث افزایش وزن هزار دانه میشود. این افزایش در اثر رشد بیشتر وزن پریکارپ بود. اثر ژنوتیپ بر وزن جنین بذر موثر بود. همچنین وزن جنین و نسبت وزن جنین به پریکارپ بذر چغندرقند، تحت تاثیر شرایط محیط تولید بذر قرار گرفت. وزن جنین درسال 1393 و 1394 به ترتیب 2/91 و 2/26 میلیگرم بود. در نتیجه نسبت وزن جنین به پریکارپ در سال 1393 با 0/49 به 0/29 در سال 1394 کاهش یافت. علاوه بر ژنوتیپ، شرایط محیط تولید بذر در افزایش درصد پوکی بذر چغندرقند تاثیر مثبت داشت. میانگین پوکی بذور تولیدی در کرج در سال 1393 و 1394 به ترتیب 10 و 32 درصد بود. با کاهش وزن خشک پریکارپ، افزایش وزن جنین و نسبت وزن جنین به پریکارپ، سرعت جوانه زنی و میانگین زمان جوانهزنی بذر چغندرقند به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کیفیت بذر؛ ژنوتیپ؛ مدیریت مزرعه؛ خطای معیار میانگین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of environment and genotypes on germination and emptiness of the seed of sugar beet single-crosses | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M.R. Mirzaei | ||
| Assistant professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| . Both environment and the maternal plant genotype affect the quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet seed. In this study, the effect of maternal plant and environment factors on the weight percent of yield in different seed size classes, germination and seed emptiness of 12 single-crosses were evaluated. Single-crosses were derived from the cross of 12 male-sterile lines with a pollinator. The study was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications during 2014-15 in Karaj. Results showed that in addition to genotype, inappropriate conditions of the seed production environment increased thousand-seed weight. This increase was due to the greater growth of pericarp weight. The effect of genotype on seed embryo weight was effective. Also, the embryo weight and the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight of sugar beet seeds were affected by the seed production environment. The embryo weight in 2014 and 2015 was 2.91 and 2.26 mg, respectively. As a result, the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight decreased from 0.49 in 2014 to 0.29 in 2015. In addition to the genotype, the environmental conditions of seed production had a positive effect on increasing the percentage of empty seeds. The mean emptiness of seeds produced in Karaj in 2014 and 2015 was 10% and 32%, respectively. With the decrease of pericarp dry weight, the increase of embryo weight and the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight, germination rate and the mean germination time of sugar beet seeds increased and decreased, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Field management, Genotype, Seed quality, Standard error | ||
| مراجع | ||
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