| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,996 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,553 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,160,847 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,534,128 |
تأثیر محیط و ژنوتیپ بر جوانهزنی و پوکی بذر سینگل‌کراس‌های چغندرقند | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 38، شماره 1، شهریور 1401، صفحه 71-82 اصل مقاله (1.22 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2023.360110.1312 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمدرضا میرزایی* | ||
| استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| محیط و ژنوتیپ گیاه مادری بر صفات کمی و کیفی بذر چغندرقند تأثیر می‌گذارد. در این تحقیق اثر پایه‌مادری و عوامل محیطی بر درصد وزنی عملکرد در طبقات اندازههای مختلف بذر، جوانهزنی و پوکی بذر 12 سینگلکراس چغندرقند مطالعه شد. سینگلکراسها از تلاقی دوازده پایه‌مادری نرعقیم با یک پایه‌پدری تهیه شدند. این تحقیق در قالب طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار طی سالهای 1393 و 1394در کرج انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که علاوه‌بر ژنوتیپ، شرایط نامناسب محیط تولید بذر باعث افزایش وزن هزار دانه میشود. این افزایش در اثر رشد بیشتر وزن پریکارپ بود. اثر ژنوتیپ بر وزن جنین بذر موثر بود. همچنین وزن جنین و نسبت وزن جنین به پریکارپ بذر چغندرقند، تحت تاثیر شرایط محیط تولید بذر قرار گرفت. وزن جنین درسال 1393 و 1394 به ترتیب 2/91 و 2/26 میلیگرم بود. در نتیجه نسبت وزن جنین به پریکارپ در سال 1393 با 0/49 به 0/29 در سال 1394 کاهش یافت. علاوه بر ژنوتیپ، شرایط محیط تولید بذر در افزایش درصد پوکی بذر چغندرقند تاثیر مثبت داشت. میانگین پوکی بذور تولیدی در کرج در سال 1393 و 1394 به ترتیب 10 و 32 درصد بود. با کاهش وزن خشک پریکارپ، افزایش وزن جنین و نسبت وزن جنین به پریکارپ، سرعت جوانه زنی و میانگین زمان جوانهزنی بذر چغندرقند به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کیفیت بذر؛ ژنوتیپ؛ مدیریت مزرعه؛ خطای معیار میانگین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of environment and genotypes on germination and emptiness of the seed of sugar beet single-crosses | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M.R. Mirzaei | ||
| Assistant professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| . Both environment and the maternal plant genotype affect the quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet seed. In this study, the effect of maternal plant and environment factors on the weight percent of yield in different seed size classes, germination and seed emptiness of 12 single-crosses were evaluated. Single-crosses were derived from the cross of 12 male-sterile lines with a pollinator. The study was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications during 2014-15 in Karaj. Results showed that in addition to genotype, inappropriate conditions of the seed production environment increased thousand-seed weight. This increase was due to the greater growth of pericarp weight. The effect of genotype on seed embryo weight was effective. Also, the embryo weight and the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight of sugar beet seeds were affected by the seed production environment. The embryo weight in 2014 and 2015 was 2.91 and 2.26 mg, respectively. As a result, the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight decreased from 0.49 in 2014 to 0.29 in 2015. In addition to the genotype, the environmental conditions of seed production had a positive effect on increasing the percentage of empty seeds. The mean emptiness of seeds produced in Karaj in 2014 and 2015 was 10% and 32%, respectively. With the decrease of pericarp dry weight, the increase of embryo weight and the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight, germination rate and the mean germination time of sugar beet seeds increased and decreased, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Field management, Genotype, Seed quality, Standard error | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aarssen LW, Burton SM. Maternal effects at four levelsin Senecio vulgaris (Asteraceae) grown on a soil nutrient gradient. American Journal of Botany. 1990; 77: 1231–1240. doi:10.2307/2444634. Alcaraz G, Genter T, Laillet G, Rageot D. Sugar beet pollen biology. Proceedings of the 61st IIRB Congress.; Brussels;1998. p. 393–399. Baskin CC, Baskin JM. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press. 1998. San Diego, California, USA. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-080260-9.X5000-3. Bosemark NO. Influence of seed crop environment on root crop characteristics. Journal of International Institute for Sugar Beet Research. 1970; 4: 193-206. Chegini, MA. Effect of environment (temperature and photoperiod) on bolting, flowering and seed production in sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) (Ph.D. thesis). The University of Reading. UK; 1999. Donohue K, Schmitt J. Maternal environmental effects in plants: adaptive plasticity? In T. A. Mousseau and CW. Fox (eds.), Maternal effects as adaptations. 1998; 137–158. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Franciscoh H, Dübbern DE, Marcos-Filho J. The seed coat as a modulator of seed-environment relationships in Fabaceae. Revista Brasileira de Botanica. 2001; 24(4). doi:10.1590/S0100-84042001000400002. Free JB, Williams IH, Longden PC Johnson MG. Insect pollination of sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seed crops. Annals of Applied Biology. 1975; 81: 127–134. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1975.tb00529.x. Galloway LF. The effect of maternal and paternal environments on seed characters in the herbaceous plant Campanula Americana (Campanulaceae). American Journal of Botany. 2001; 88(5): 832–840. doi:10.2307/2657035. Heide OM, Junttila O, Samuelsen RT. Seed germination and bolting in red beet as affected by parent plant environment. Physiology Plant. 1976; 36: 343-349. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1976.tb02254.x. ISTA. International Rules for Seed Testing. 2022; International Seed Testing Association, Switzerland. Kockelmann A, Tilcher R, Fischer U. Seed production and processing. Sugar Tech. 2010; 12(3–4): 267–275. doi:10.1007/s12355-010-0039-z. Kockelmann A, Meyer U. Seed production and quality. In Sugar Beet (ed) Drycoat AP. 2006; 89–113. Oxford, UK: by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Lacey EP, Smith S, Case AL. Parental effects on seed mass: seed coat but not embryo/endosperm effects. American Journal of Botany. 1997; 84: 1617–1620. doi:10.2307/2446624. Longden PC. Influence of the seed crop environment on the quality of sugar beet seed. in Proceedings of 49th Winter Congress of IIRB. 1986; p.1–16. Marlander B, Lange T, Wulkow A. Dispersal principles of sugar beet from seed to sugar with relation to genetically modified varieties. Journal Fur Kulturpflanzen. 2011; 63(11): 373-349. Mirzaei MR. Effects of environment and genetic on the anatomical, biophysical and physiological characteristics of sugar beet seeds (Beta Vulgaris L.) (Ph.D thesis). The University of Guilan. Iran; 2016. [In Persian] Mirzaei MR, Asghari J, Taleghani D, Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S. Effects of environment and genetic on yield and seed size of single crosses of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L). Iranian Journal of crop science. 2016; 18(1). 258-270. (in Persian, abstract in English) Mirzaei MR, Asghari J, Taleghani D, Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S. Effect of environmental factors and female parent on some sugar beet seed traits. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2017; 33(1): 75-89. doi:10.22092/JSB.2017.102291.1105. [In Persian] Mirzaei MR, Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S. The effect of environment and maternal plant on germination traits of sugar beet seeds and an approach to select the superior genotype. Agricultural Research. 2022. 11: 608- 614. doi:10.1007_s40003-021-00607-2_29nz. Norden N, Daws MI, Antoine C, Gonzalez MA, Garwood NC, Chave J. The relationship between seed mass and mean time to germination for 1037 tree species across five tropical forests. Functional Ecology. 2009; 23: 203–210. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01477.x. Platenkamp GAJ, Shaw RG. Environmental and genetic maternal effects on seed characters in Nemophilamenziesi. Evolution. 1993; 47: 540–555. doi:10.2307/2410070. Sadeghian Motahar SY. Sugar beet seed production. Agricultural Education Publishing Center press. 1996; [In Persian] Stratton DA. Competition prolongs expression of maternal effects in seedlings of Erigeron annus (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany. 1989;76: 1646–1653. doi:10.2307/2444402. Scott RK. The effect of weather on the concentration of pollen within sugar-beet seed crops. Annals of Applied Biology. 1970; 66: 119-127. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1970.tb04609.x. Smith GA. Sugar beet. In Hybridization of Crop Plant. Forsberg RA, Hallauer AR, Hovin AW (Eds). Madison, Wisconin, USA. 1980; p. 601-616. Sultan SE. Phenotypic plasticity for offspring traits in Polygonum persicaria. Ecology. 1996; 77: 1791–1807. doi:10.2307/2265784. Soltani E, Soltani A, Oveisi M. Modeling seed aging effect on wheat seedling emergence in drought stress: Optimizing germination program to predict emergence pattern. Journal of Crops Improvement. 2013; 15: 147-160. doi:10.22059/jci.2013.36106. Wood DW, Scott RK, Longden PC. The effects of mother-plant temperature on seed quality in Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet). in Hebblethwaite PD (Ed.) Seed production. London–Boston, Butter worths. 1980; p. 257–270. Wood DW, Scott RK, Longded PC. Effects of seed crop ripening temperature on bolting in the sugar beet root crop. Proceeding of 45th Winter Congress. IIRB. Bruscelles. 1982; P. 15-24. Wulff RD, Bazzaz FA. Effect of the parental nutrient regime on growth of the progeny in Abutilon the ophrasti (Malvaceae). American Journal of Botany. 1992; 79: 1102–1107. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13704.x. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 208 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 236 |
||