تأثیر اسید هیومیک و نانوذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی و شاخص‌های رشد Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal

- Abedini, T., Moradi, P. and Hani, A., 2015. Effect of organic fertilizer and foliar application of humic acid on some quantitative and qualitative yield of Pot marigold. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 10: 1100-1103.

- Abootalebi Jahromi, A.H. and Hassanzadeh Khankahdani, H., 2016. Effect of humic acid on some vegetative traits and ion concentrations of Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) seedlings under salt stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 3(2): 255-264.

- Ahmadi, F., Aminifard, M.H., Khayyat, M. and Samadzade, A.R., 2017. Evaluation of humic acid and planting density on flower yield and vegetative characteristics of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 33(2): 293-303.

- Ahmadi, L., Kolahi, M., Mohajjel Shoja, H. and Mohajel Kazemi, E., 2020. Effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles on physiological and anatomical characteristics of Baby sun rose (Aptenia cordifolia). Journal of cell and Tissue, 11(3): 188-204.

- Akbari, I. and Gholami, A., 2016. Evaluation of mycorrhizal fungi, vermicompost and humic acid on essence yield and root colonization of fennel. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13(4): 840-853.

- Amirjani, M.R., Askari, M. and Askari, P., 2014. The effect nano oxide zinc on the amount of alkaloids, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and some indicators of Physiology Catharantus roseu. Cells and Tissues Journal, 5(2): 173-183.

- Amooaghaie, R. and Majidi, M., 2020. The effect of foliar spraying TiO2 nanoparticles on biochemical responses, growth, yield and essential oil content of Ajowan (Carum copticum) under salinity stress. Journal Soil and Plant Interactions, 12 (3): 33-51.

- Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Atiyeh, R.M. and Metzger, J.D., 2004. Effects of vermicomposts produced from food waste on greenhouse peppers. Bioresource Technology, 93: 139-144.

- Askari, M., Habibi, D. and Naderi Brujerdi, G., 2012. Effect of vermicompost, plant growth, porpmiting rhizobacteria and humic acid on grieth factor of Mentha piperata L. in Central province. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, 4: 41-54.

- Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207.

- Bharti, S.K., Kumar, A., Sharma, N.K., Krishnan, S., Gupta, A.K. and Padamdeo, S.R., 2012. Antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans flower in Poloxamer-407 induced type 2 diabetic rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(45): 5706-5713.

- Bouyoucos, C.J., 1997. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 54: 464-465.

- Daur, I. and Bakhashwain, A., 2013. Effect of humic acid on growth and quality of maize fodder production. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 21-25.

- Daur, I., 2014. Effect of humic acid on growth, protein and mineral composition of pearl mllet [Pennisetum glaucum (l.) r.br.] fodder. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46: 505-509.

- Erkossa, T., Stahr, K. and Tabor, G., 2002. Integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers: effect on vegetable productivity. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, DebreZeit Agricultural Research Centre, 82: 247-256.

- Fazeli-Nasab, B., Sirousmehr, A.R. and Azad, H., 2018. Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on essential oil quantity and quality in Thymus vulgaris under water deficit. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-product, 7: 125-133.

- Gerami, M., Majidian, P., Ghorbanpour, A. and Barati, N., 2021. Response of Aloysia citriodora L. to treatments of titanium dioxide nanoparticle and salt stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 14(2): 557-567.

- Ghahreman, A., 1999. Colored Flora of Iran (Volume 19). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran. 252p.

- Ghorbani, R., Movafeghi, A., Gangeali, A. and Nabati, J., 2021. Effects of TiO₂ nanoparticles on morphological characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 14(1): 85-98.

- Ghorbanpour, M., 2015. Major essential oil constituents, total phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis plant in response to nano-titanium dioxide. Journal of Plant Physiology, 20: 249-256.

- Goel, V. and Duhan, B.S., 2014. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal) crop as affected by the application of farm yard manure (FYM) and inorganic phosphorus in typic Torripsamment of Hisar. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(6):
743-748.

- Gorgini Shabankareh, H., Sabouri, F., Saedi, F. and Fakheri, B.A., 2017. Effects of different levels of humic acid on growth indices and essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Crop Science Research in Arid Regions, 1(2): 166-176.

- Helmke, P.A. and Sparks, D.L., 1996. Lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, and rubidium: 551-574. In: Sparks, D.L., Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A. and Loeppert, R.H., (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods and Processes. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, 1424p.

- Heydari, R.R., Moaveni, P., Hoseinpour, D.H. and Arefrad, M., 2017. Response of some morphophysiological characteristics of Borago (Borago officinalis) to nano particles of titanium spraying. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 10:
875-890.

- Jaiswal, P.C., 2018. Soil, Plant and Water Analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 450p.

- Kamalizadeh, M., Bihamta, M.R., Peyghambari, S.A. and Hadian, J., 2015. The effect of different levels of titanium dioxide nanoparticle on production of two major phenolic compounds in dragonhead herb (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31(3): 428-435.

- Khaled, H. and Fawy, H., 2011. Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity. Soil and Water Research, 6: 21-29.

- Khater, M.S., 2015. Effect of titanium nanoparticles (TiO₂) on growth, yield and chemical constituents of coriander plants. Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Applications, 48(4): 187-194.

- Krizek, D.T., Britz, S.J. and Mirecki, R.M., 1998. Inhibitory effects of ambient levels of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation on growth of cv. New Red Fire Lettuce. Physiologia Plantarum, 103: 1-7.

- Lei, Z., Mingyu, S., Chao, L., Liang, C., Hao, H., Xiao, W., Xiaoqing, L., Fan, Y., Fengqing, G. and Fashui, H., 2007. Effects of nanoanatase TiO₂ on photosynthesis of spinach chloroplasts under different light illumination. Biological Trace Element Research, 119(1): 68-76.

- Liu, C., Cooper, R.J. and Bowman, D.C., 1996. Humic acid application affects photosynthesis, root development and nutrient content of creeping bentgrass. Crop Science, 33: 1023-1025.

- Lyu, S., Wei, X., Chen, J., Wang, C., Wang, X. and Pan, D., 2017. Titanium as a beneficial element for crop production. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 597.

- Manivannan, P., Jaleel, C.A., Zhao, C.X., Somasundaram, R., Azooz, M.M. and Panneerselvam, R., 2008. Variations in growth and pigment composition of sunflower varieties under early season drought stress. Journal of Molecular Sciences, 3: 50-56.

- Matta, A.J. and Giai, I., 1969. Accumulation of phenol in tomato plant is affected by different forms of Fusariumoxysporum. Planta Medica, 50: 512-513.

- Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N., 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence- a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51: 659-668.

- Mazarie, A., Mousavinik, S.M., Ghanbari, A. and Fahmideh, L., 2019. Effect of titanium dioxide spraying on physiological characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under water stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 12(2): 539-553.

- Nasuti Miandoab, R., Samavat, S. and Tehrani, M.M., 2010. Humic acid fertilizer on plants and soil properties. Food Agriculture, 101: 53-55.

- Neumann, K.H., Kumar, A. and Imani, J., 2009. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. A Tool in Biotechnology. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 333p.

- Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular, 939: 1-19.

- Panwar, J. and Tarafdar, J.C., 2006. Distribution of three endangered medicinal plant species and their colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Arid Environments, 5: 337-350.

- Preethi, M.P., Sangeetha, U., Pradeepa, A., Valizadeh, M. and Senthil, K., 2014. Principal component analysis and HPTLC fingerprint of in vitro and field grown root extract of Withania coagulans. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(5): 480-488.

- Rahgoshahi, M., Panahi Kordlaghari, Kh. and Rahimi, M.M., 2020. Study on humic acid and algae effects on grain yield and agronomical characteristics of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 38(2): 286-300.

- Rahi, A.R., Mohammad Hadi, F., Safari Daulatabad, S. and Azizi, F., 2013. Studying the trend of changes in response curves and the relationship between the morphological traits of Agropyron cristatum species under equally spaced amounts of humic acid fertilizer. Plant and Ecosystem, 32(8): 29-44.

- Raja, G. and Veerakumari, L., 2013. Influence of vermicompost on the yield and alkaloid content of Withania somnifera DUNAL. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 3(2): 223-226.

- Rajeshwari, V. and Bhuvaneshwari, V., 2017. Salicylic acid induced salt stress tolerance in plants. International Journal of Plant Biology and Research, 5(3): 1067-1072.

- Reynolds, G.H., 2002. Forward to the Future Nanotechnology and Regulatory Policy. Pacific Research Institute, 200p.

- Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Soluble salts: 167-179. In: Page, A.L. (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Monograph Number 9. ASA, Madison, WI, 1159p.

- Richards, L.A., 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Government Printing Office, Washington, 160p.

- Rowell, D.L., 1999. Methods and Applications. Longman Group, Harlow. Soil Science, 345p.

- Rutan, B.S. and Schnitzer, M., 2011. Effects of soil fulvic acid on the growth and nutrient content of cucumber (Curcumas sativus) plants. Plant and Soil, 63: 491-495.

- Sabouri, F., Sirousmehr, A. and Gorgini Shabankareh, H., 2018. Effect of irrigation regimes and application of humic acid on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 9(34): 13-24.

- Samadi, N., Yahyaabadi, S. and Rezayatmand, Z., 2014. Effect of TiO₂ and TiO₂ Nanoparticle on germination, root and shoot length and photosynthetic pigments of Mentha piperita. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 3(4): 408-418.

- Sangwan, R., Chaurasiya, N., Misra, L., Lal, P., Uniyal, G. and Sharma, R., 2004. Phytochemical variability in commercial herbal products and preparations of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). Current Science, 10: 461-465.

- Shawquat, A.K.M., Abdul Karim, M., Abullah, A.M., Shahana, P., Mahfuz, M.B. and Altaf, M.H., 2015. Plant water relations and proline accumulations in soybean under salt and water stress environment. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(5): 272-278.

- Sungkaworn, T., Triampo, W., Nalakarn, P., Triampo, D., Tang, I.M. and Lenbury, Y., 2007. The effects of TiO₂ nanoparticles on tumor cell colonies: fractal dimension and morphological properties. International Journal of Biomedical Science, 2(1): 67-74.

- Taleh Farahi, F., Gholamalizadeh, A. and Hemati A., 2019. The effect of extracted humic acid from different sources on the characteristics of sunflower grown in a calcareous soil. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 12(2): 617-630.

- Turkmen, O., Demir, S., Sensoy, S. and Dursum, A., 2005. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and humic acid on the seedling development and nutrient content of pepper grown under saline soil conditions. Journal of Biological Sciences, 5: 565-574. 

- Ulukan, H., 2008. Effect of soil applied humic acid at different sowing times on some yield components in wheat (Triticum sp.) hybrids. International Journal of Botany, 4: 164-175.

- Valizadeh, J. and Valizadeh, M., 2011. Development of efficient micropropagation protocol for Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(39): 7611-7616.

- Walkley, A. and Black, L.A., 1934. Chromic acid titration for determination of soil organic matter. Soil Science, 63: 251.

- Wettasinghe, M. and Shahidi, F., 2000. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and DPPT free radicals by extract of Borago and 14 evening primrose meals. Food Chemistry, 70: 17-26.

- Yang, F. and Hong, S., 2006. Influence of nano anatase TiO₂ on the nitrogen metabolism of growing spinach. Biological Trace Element Research, 110: 179-190.

- Zarafshar, M., Akbarinia, M., Askary, H., Hosseini, S.M. and Rahaie, M., 2015. Effects of TiO₂ NPs on alleviation of drought negative effects in wild pear (Pyrus biosseriana buhse.) seedlings. Journal of Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 3(6): 81-94.