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معرفی گونه‌های مرتعی مناسب در رویشگاه‌های مختلف در زمین‌های مارنی با شکل‌های مختلف فرسایش در شهرستان سمیرم | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 36، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 140، مهر 1402، صفحه 55-69 اصل مقاله (2.25 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2023.358305.1467 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزاد پارسادوست* 1؛ حمیدرضا پیروان2 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار پژوهشکده ی حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه و هدف زمین‌های مارنی در مناطق خشک و بیابانی نسبت به فرسایش بسیار حساس است و از جمله منابع مهم تولید رسوب به شمار می‌روند. پژوهش‌ها نشان داده‌است که ارتباطی بین ویژگی‌های خاک شناسی مارن‌ها و شکل‌های مختلف فرسایش وجود دارد. در برخی از رخنمون‌های مارنی، گونه‌های مرتعی ویژه‌ای به‌طور چشم‌گیری رشد و نمو یافته‌اند که سبب مهارکردن فرسایش و پایداری خاک می‌شود. برای درک بهتر وضعیت این زیست‌بوم‌ها، این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی گونه‌های گیاهی استقراریافته و بررسی ارتباط بین ویژگی های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مارن‌های منطقه سمیرم در سه نوع فرسایش سطحی، شیاری و آبراهه‌ای انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها منطقه سمیرم از جمله مناطق مارنی است که در طرح طبقه‌بندی و تعیین شاخص‌های فرسایش‌پذیری مارن‌های استان اصفهان، برای انجام این پژوهش انتخاب شد. برای ارزیابی وضعیت فرسایش در سه شکل فرسایش سطحی، شیاری و آبراهه‌ای در واحدهای یکسان مارنی و مناطق فاقد پوشش، فرم BLM تکمیل شد. در مرحله‌ی بعد در واحدهای یکسان مارنی با سه نوع فرسایش، سه نمونه خاک از عمق 20 - 0 سانتی‌متر در سه تکرار برداشت شد. ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک شامل بافت، EC، N، P، K، SAR، OC، CEC، CaSO4 ، pH،T.N.V و CaCO3 اندازه‌گیری شد. برای بررسی پوشش گیاهی در منطقه‌ی پژوهش پس از تهیه‌ی فهرست گونه‌های گیاهی منطقه، ویژگی‌های پوشش گیاهی شامل درصد تاج‌پوشش و تراکم به تفکیک گونه‌های گیاهی و همچنین درصد سنگریزه و لاشبرگ اندازه‌گیری و یادداشت شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. مقایسه میانگین‌های ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک بر پایه‌ی آزمون LSD انجام شد. تحلیل همبستگی بین ویژگی‌های خاک و پوشش گیاهی نیز به‌وسیله‌ی نرم‌افزار آماری R انجام شد. نتایج و بحث نتایج نشان داد فرسایش‌پذیری زمین‌های مارنی با پوشش گیاهی در مقایسه با مناطق فاقد پوشش گیاهی وضعیت بهتری داشت. خاک تثبیت‌شده در عرصه فرسایش آبراهه‌ای، نیتروژن، فسفر و موادآلی بیشتری داشت و در مقایسه با دو نوع فرسایش دیگر، پوشش گیاهی نیز بهتر بود. نتایج همبستگی بین ویژگی های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و پوشش گیاهی نشان داد که عامل تاج‌پوشش گیاهی با 95% گچ و 86% شن همبستگی داشت. گونه‌ی گیاهی غالب در فرسایش سطحی، گونه‌یDc. Astragallus cephalantus، در فرسایش شیاری، گونه‌ی Cousinia cylindracea Bioss. و در فرسایش آبراهه‌ای گونه‌یMelderis. Elumus gentry به‌ترتیب 34/2، 33/3 و 22/05% بیشترین ترکیب تراکم و تاج‌پوشش گیاهی را در منطقه داشتند. شکل رویشی پهن برگان علفی در هر سه نوع فرسایش بیشترین درصد تراکم و تاج‌پوشش را داشتند. نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادها نتایج این پژوهش در راستای استقرار گونه‌های مناسب در آبرفت‌های مارنی با شرایط اقلیمی مشابه می‌تواند به‌عنوان دستاوردی نوین برای جلوگیری از فرسایش خاک مدنظر قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حفاظت خاک؛ روش BLM؛ سازندهای مارنی؛ گونه‌های مرتعی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Introduction of Suitable Rangeland Species in Habitat Soil Diversity and Different Forms of Marl Land Erosion in Semirom City | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzad Parsadoust1؛ Hamid Reza Peyrowan2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction and Objective Marl lands are very sensitive to erosion in arid and semi-arid regions and are one of the most important sources of sediment production. Research has shown that there is a relationship between the geological characteristics of marls and different forms of erosion. In some marl formations, rangeland plant species have grown and stabilized which causes erosion control and soil stability. In order to better understand the status of these ecosystems, this study was conducted to identify the established plant species on marl lands and investigate the relationship between vegetation and physical and chemical properties of marl soil in three types of surface, rill and gully erosion in Semirom region. Materials and Methods Semirom is one of the marl regions that was selected for the current study in the classification and determination of marl erodibility indices of Isfahan province. In order to evaluate the erosion condition in three forms of surface, rill and gully erosion, BLM (Bureau of Land Management) form was completed in the same marl units and areas without vegetation cover. In the next step, three soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm depth in three repetitions in marl units including three forms of erosion. Physical and chemical soil properties including texture, EC, N, P, K, SAR, OC, CEC, CaSO4, pH, T.N.V and CaCO3 were measured. For vegetation studies in the study area, after preparing the floristic list of plant species, vegetation characteristics including canopy cover percentage and density per plant species, as well as the percentage of gravel and litter were measured and recorded. The statistical analysis of the data was done as a completely random design using SAS software and the averages of soil properties were compared according to the Least Significant Difference (LSD). Correlation analysis between soil and vegetation characteristics was also done by R statistical software. Results and Discussion The results showed that in terms of erodibility, Marl lands with vegetation cover, had a better condition than without vegetation. The soil in the gully erosion was in better conditions in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter and had better vegetation than the other two types of erosion. The results of correlation between physical and chemical soil properties and vegetation showed that the canopy cover factor was 95% and 86% correlated with the percentage of gypsum and the percentage of sand, respectively. The dominant species which showed the most protection capacity against erosion in surface, Rill and Gully erosions were Astragallus cephalantus, Cousinia cylindracea and Elymus gentry with 34.2, 33.3 and 22.05 percent of the highest combination of density and canopy cover, respectively. In terms of growth form, in all three types of erosion, forbs had the highest percentage of density and canopy cover. Conclusion and Suggestions The results of current research could be considered as a novel achievement in order to prevent soil erosion through establish appropriate species in marl lands with similar climatic conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| BLM method, marl, rangeland plant species, soil conservation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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