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تاثیر خشکی و دما بر تراکم جمعیت دو گونه کنه تارتن و شکارگر آنها، Scolothrips longicornis ،در باغ های بادام | ||
| نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران | ||
| دوره 42، شماره 3، بهمن 1401، صفحه 173-182 اصل مقاله (1.95 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل، انگلیسی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.52547/jesi.42.3.1 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| زریر سعیدی* | ||
| بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقبقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهارمحال و بختیاری، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دمای بالا و رطوبت کم، شرایط مساعدی جهت حمله کنههای تارتن،Tetranychus urticae Koch و Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein به درختان بادام و کاهش کیفیت و کمیت محصول ایجاد میکند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات جمعیت کنههای تارتن در طول سالهای عادی و خشک و پیش‌بینی احتمال شیوع آنها به منظور بکارگیری موفق برنامههای مدیریت تلفیقی، انجام شد. نوسانات جمعیت S. smirnovi وT. urticae روی درختان بادام (رقم مامایی) در باغهای سامان استان چهارمحال و بختیاری از فروردین تا مهرماه 88-1386 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده‌های هواشناسی سه ایستگاه سینوپتیک سامان، زمان خان و شهرکرد از اداره کل هواشناسی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری جمع‌آوری شد. شاخص بارش استاندارد شده (SPI) برای شناسایی خشکسالی های هواشناسی بر اساس داده های ورودی ماهانه بارندگی سه ایستگاه سینوپتیک استفاده شد. نتایج سال 1387 را سال بسیار خشک و سال های 1386 و 1388 را سال های عادی نشان داد. مقایسه تراکم جمعیت کنههای تارتن در سال خشک 1387 (SPI <-2) با سال های نرمال 1386 (SPI = -0.53) و 1388 (SPI=0.41) افزایش معنی داری در تراکم جمعیتS. smirnovi (65/14و 95/2 برابر) و T. urticae (28/7 و 87/2 برابر) را در مقایسه با سالهای 1386 و 1388 نشان داد. تجزیه و تحلیل همبستگی اسپیرمن نشان داد که میانگین بارش با تراکم جمعیت S. smirnovi (r=-0.65, p=0.022) ، جمعیت T. urticae (r=-0.73, p=0.0001) و تریپس شکارگر، Scolothrips longicornis Priesner (r=-0.67, p=0.0001) همبستگی منفی معناداری دارد. در سال خشک، جمعیت کنههای گیاهخوار در واکنش به دماهای بالا و رطوبت کم افزایش یافت. در چنین سالی تولید بادام می تواند در برابر کنه آسیب پذیرتر باشد و کنترل آفت لازم است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کنه تارتن؛ خشکسالی؛ شرایط اقلیمی؛ بادام؛ نوسان جمعیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Influence of drought and temperature on population density of two species of spider mites and their predator Scolothrips longicornis in almond orchards | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zarir Saeidi | ||
| Dept. of Plant Protection, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Shar -e- Kord, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| High temperatures and low-humidity are the favorable conditions for spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch and Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein, to cause serious threat to quality and quantity of almond. This study was undertaken to understand population changes of the spider mites during the normal and dry years and to predict the possibility of the pest outbreak in order to develop a successful integrated management strategy. Population fluctuations of S. smirnovi and T. urticae were studied on almond (Mamaei variety), from April to October of 2007-2009, in Saman orchards, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran. Meteorological data of three nearest synoptic stations including Saman, Zaman khan and Shahre-kord were collected from the Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari meteorological organization. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to detect meteorological droughts based on the monthly rainfall input data of three synoptic stations. The results showed the year 2008 as an extremely dry year, while revealing 2007 and 2009 as normal years. Comparison of spider mite population density in this year (SPI < -2) with the normal years, 2007 (SPI = -0.53) and 2009 (SPI= 0.41), showed a significant increase in the population density of, S. smirnovi, (14.65 and 2.95 times) and T. urticae (7.28 and 2.87 times) compared to 2007 and 2009, respectively. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed significant negative correlation of mean precipitation with population density of, S. smirnovi, (r = -0.65, p=0.022), T. urticae (r = -0.73, p=0.0001), and the predatory thrips, Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, (r = -0.67, p=0.0001) during three studied years. In the drought year, the phytophagous mite’s population increased in response to high temperatures and low humidity. In a such year, the almond trees can be more vulnerable to mite damages and control is necessary. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Spider mite, Drought index, Climate condition, Almond, Population fluctuations: | ||
| مراجع | ||
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