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شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی مناطق سیل‌گیر با استفاده از تحلیل سلسله مراتبی مبتنی بر GIS، مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز کارون | ||
| مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 15، شماره 3، مهر 1402، صفحه 367-385 اصل مقاله (6.13 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwmse.2022.356749.1929 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمود حبیب نژاد روشن* 1؛ کاکا شاهدی2؛ سیدحسین روشان3 | ||
| 1استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری. ایران. | ||
| 2استاد، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری. ایران. | ||
| 3دانش‌‌آموخته دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه سیل، به‌عنوان یکی از مخرب‌ترین بلایای طبیعی است که باعث تلفات جانی، خسارت‌های زیرساختی و اقتصادی قابل توجه و نابسامانی‌های اجتماعی، در سراسر جهان می‌شود. با توجه به این‌که سیل پدیده‌ای پویا و چند بعدی است، داده‌های سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) و سنجش از دور (RS) تا حدود زیادی برای کشف وسعت مناطق سیل‌زده کاربرد دارد و در تهیه نقشه حساسیت‌پذیری و خطر سیل نقش ویژه‌ای دارند. نقشه حساسیت به سیل، برای توصیف مناطق در خطر سیل و برنامه‌ریزی برای ایجاد طرح‌های کنترل سیل، ضروری است. مواد و روش‌ها در این پژوهش، شناسایی مناطق سیل‌گیر در حوضه کارون بر اساس فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) در محیط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و صحت‌سنجی آن با شاخص آبی NDWI، استخراج شده از تصاویر ماهواره لندست 8، مد نظر بوده است. به این منظور، ابتدا 15 پارامتر موثر در وقوع سیلاب از جمله مقدار و جهت شیب، طبقات ارتفاعی، انحنای زمین، بارندگی، فاصله از آبراهه، تراکم آبراهه، فاصله از گسل، تراکم گسل، فاصله از جاده، تراکم جاده، لیتولوژی، شماره منحنی (CN)، کاربری اراضی، شاخص رطوبت توپوگرافی (TWI) و شاخص قدرت جریان (SPI)، انتخاب شدند. وزن‌دهی این پارامترها، بر اساس روش فرایند AHP در محیط نرم‌افزار Expert Choice انجام شد. در نهایت، با استفاده از دستور تلفیق لایه‌ها، بر اساس وزن‌دهی روش AHP در GIS، نقشه نهایی پهنه‌بندی خطر سیلاب به‌دست آمد. برای صحت‌سنجی نقشه خطر سیلاب به‌دست آمده، از شاخص آبی NDWI بهره گرفته شد. نتایج و بحث نتایج مدل AHP نشان داد که موثر‌ترین عوامل در بروز خطر سیلاب در حوضه کارون به‌ترتیب بارندگی، مقدار شیب و طبقات ارتفاعی هستند که برای کاهش خسارات سیلاب و ارائه راهکارهای مدیریتی، این عوامل بایستی مورد توجه قرار گیرند. همچنین، نتایج بیانگر آن است که مناطق پایین‌دست حوضه دارای بیشترین خطر سیل‌گیری را دارند و بیش از نیمی از سطح حوضه (52.24 درصد)، دارای پتانسیل سیل‌خیزی متوسط است. نتیجه‌گیری تهیه نقشه مناطق مستعد سیل، یکی از سازنده‌ترین روش‌هایی است که امکان کاهش خسارت‌های خطر سیل را فراهم می‌کند و به برنامه‌ریزان، ذی‌نفعان و تصمیم‌گیران کمک می‌کند تا نظارت مناسبی بر مناطق سیل‌خیز داشته باشند و توسعه اقتصادی-اجتماعی مناسب و پایدار را تضمین کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پهنه‌بندی؛ خسارات سیل؛ شاخص NDWI؛ کارون؛ لندست 8 | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Identification and prioritization of flooding areas using GIS-based analytical hierarchy process, case study: Karun Watershed | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahmoud Habibnejad Roshan1؛ Kaka Shahedi2؛ Sayed Hussein Roshun3 | ||
| 1Professor, Watershed Management and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Sari. Iran. | ||
| 2Professor, Watershed Management and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Sari. Iran. | ||
| 3Ph.D Graduate, Watershed Management and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters that cause severe injuries and loss of life, major infrastructure damage, significant economic losses, and social unrest worldwide. Due to the fact that flood is a dynamic and multidimensional phenomenon, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) data are used to a large extent to discover the extent of flooded areas and play a special role in preparing flood risk and susceptibility maps. Flood susceptibility mapping is essential for characterizing flood risk areas and planning flood control schemes. Materials and methods In this research, the identification of flooded areas in the Karun Watershed based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the GIS environment and its validation with the NDWI blue index extracted from Landsat 8 satellite images has been considered. For this purpose, first, 15 effective parameters in floods occurrence including slope, aspect, elevation, curvature, rainfall, distance from stream, stream density, distance from fault, fault density, distance from road, road density, lithology, Curve Number (CN), land use, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and Stream Power Index (SPI) were selected and the weighting of these parameters was done based on AHP method in the Expert Choice software environment. Finally, by using the command to combine the layers based on the weighting of the AHP method in GIS, the final flood risk zoning map was obtained. NDWI water index was used to validate the flood risk map obtained. Results and discussion The results of the AHP model showed that the most effective factors in the occurrence of flood risk in the Karun Watershed include rainfall, the amount of slope and the height classes, which should be considered in order to reduce flood damage and provide management solutions for these factors. Also, the results show that the downstream areas of the watershed have the highest risk of flooding and more than half of the watershed's surface (52.24%) has a medium flood potential. Conclusion Preparing a map of flood-prone areas is one of the most constructive methods that enable the reduction of flood risk damages and help planners, stakeholders and decision-makers to properly monitor flood-prone areas and ensure appropriate and sustainable socio-economic development. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Flood damage, Karun, Landsat 8, NDWI index, Zoning | ||
| مراجع | ||
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