| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,049 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,080 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 46,508,218 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,561,678 |
اثر مغناطیس بر تغییرات متابولیت‌های ثانویه قارچ گانودرما لوسیدوم به‌عنوان نمونه یک ارگانیسم یوکاریوتی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 39، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 115، فروردین 1402، صفحه 55-68 اصل مقاله (819.49 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2022.359184.3194 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لیلا مرادی پور1؛ وحیده پیام نور* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در فرآیندهای بیوتکنولوژی، افزایش تولید زیست‌توده و متابولیت‌های ثانویه، از شرایط اقتصادی بودن پروژه‌هاست. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی امکان افزایش زیست‌توده و متابولیت‌های ثانویه قارچ Ganoderma lucidum با استفاده از میدان مغناطیسی به‌عنوان یک محرک غیر زنده بود. چهار سطح مغناطیس شامل 0، 20 ،40 و 60 میلی‌تسلا به‌مدت 0، 30، 60 و 90 دقیقه در سه تکرار بر میسلیوم با قطر یک سانتی‌متری قارچ خالص‌سازی شده، اعمال و بهترین تیمار براساس میزان رشد و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی انتخاب گردید. میزان ترکیب‌های ثانویه در میسلیوم‌های تحت میدان مغناطیس منتخب (60 میلی‌تسلا به‌مدت90 دقیقه) شامل بتولین، اسید بتولینیک، اسید آسکوربیک، آستاگزانتین، پلی‌ساکارید کل و آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها اندازه‌گیری و با تیمار شاهد و قارچ طبیعی مقایسه گردید. نتایج نشان داد مغناطیس کردن باعث افزایش بیش از 2.5 برابری بتولین (یک تری‌ترپن ضد سرطانی قوی) نسبت به قارچ طبیعی و 3.7 برابری نسبت به میسلیوم شاهد شد. غلظت پلی‌ساکاریدها در بستر کشت میسلیوم تیمار شده و شاهد، به‌ترتیب 5.05 و 5.17 برابر قارچ طبیعی اندازه‌گیری گردید. میزان اسید گانودریک در میسلیوم تیمارشده (درون سلولی) و محیط کشت PDB (برون سلولی) بررسی شد. بیشترین مقدار اسید گانودریک (1.9 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر) در میسلیوم تیمارشده بدست آمد و قارچ طبیعی و محیط کشت PDB میزان تقریباً یکسانی (1.87 و 1.86 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر) از این ترکیب داشتند. میزان اسید بتولینیک (یک ترکیب ضدسرطانی مشتق شده از بتولین)، اسید آسکوربیک و آستاگزانتین به‌ترتیب در قارچ طبیعی بیشتر از تیمار 60 میلی‌تسلا مغناطیس به‌مدت 90 دقیقه و پس از آن در شاهد بود. درصد آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها در شاهد، حدود 85% و در قارچ طبیعی و میسلیوم تیمار شده، حدود 75% بدست آمد. با توجه به نتایج، چشم‌انداز مناسبی برای بکارگیری کشت‌های درونشیشهای (in vitro) قارچ گانودرما به جای بهره‌برداری از قارچ طبیعی و همچنین احداث مزارع پرخرج وجود دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بتولین؛ بتولینیک اسید؛ آسکوربیک اسید؛ آستاگزانتین؛ گانودریک اسید؛ پلی‌ساکارید کل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Magnetism effects on secondary metabolites changes in Ganoderma lucidum as a eukaryotic organism | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| L. Moradipour1؛ V. Payam Noor2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of forest sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In biotechnology processes, increasing the production of biomass and secondary metabolites is one of the economic factors of such projects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of magnetic field as an abiotic elicitor on increase of biomass and secondary metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum. Mycelium with a diameter of 1 cm of pured fungi was exposed to magnetism at four levels including 0, 20, 40, and 60 mT for 0, 30, 60, and 90 min with three replications. The best treatment was selected based on growth rate and antioxidant activity. The amounts of secondary compounds in mycelium under selected magnetic field (60 mT for 90 min) including betulin, betulinic acid, ascorbic acid, astaxanthin, total polysaccharide, and antioxidants were measured and compared with control and natural fungi. The results showed that magnetization increased betulin (a potent anticancer triterpene) more than 2.5 times compared to natural fungi and 3.7 times compared to control mycelium. Polysaccharides concentration in the treated mycelium and control media was obtained 5.05 and 5.17 times more than natural fungi, respectively. Ganoderic acid content was measured in the treated mycelium (intracellular) and PDB medium (extracellular). The highest amount of ganoderic acid (1.9 mg.ml-1) was obtained in the treated mycelium. Natural fungi and PBD medium had almost the same amount of this compound (1.87 and 1.86 mg.ml-1). The amount of betulinic acid (an anticancer compound derived from betulin), ascorbic acid, and astaxanthin was obtained high in natural fungus followed by 90 min magnetization at 60mT level treatment and control, respectively. Antioxidants percentage was about 85% in control and about 75% in natural fungi and treated mycelium. According to the results, there seems to be a good prospect to use in vitro cultures of Ganoderma instead of using natural fungi and also constructing costly farms. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Betulin, betulinic acid, ascorbic acid, astaxanthin, ganodric acid, total polysaccharide | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Adeyi, A.O., Awosanya, S.A., Adeyi, O.E., James, A.S. and Adenipekun, C.O., 2021. Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract abrogates metabolic syndrome in rats: In vivo evaluation of hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive and antioxidant properties. Obesity Medicine, 22: 100320. - Ambati, R.R., Phang, S.M., Ravi, S. and Aswathanarayana, R.G., 2014. Astaxanthin: sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications a review. Marine Drugs, 12(1): 128-152. - Behroozi, R., Farsi, M., Jafari, N. and Sheikhpour Ahandani, M., 2011. The effect of static magnetic field on some growth characteristics of oyster mushrooms (Pleorotus florida). Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 26(1): 1-9. - Chang, S.T. and Buswell, J.A., 1999. Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Aphyllophoromycetideae)- a mushrooming medicinal mushroom. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 1(2): 139-146. - Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A. and Smith, F., 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28(3): 350-356. - Fang, Q.H. and Zhong, J.J., 2002. Two-stage culture process for improved production of ganoderic acid by liquid fermentation of higher fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Biotechnology Progress, 18(1): 51-54. - Fiedler, U., Grobner, U. and Berg, H., 1995. Electrostimulation of yeast during fermentation. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 38: 423-425. - Frey, G.E., Chamberlain, J.L. and Jacobson, M.G., 2021. Producers, production, marketing, and sales of non-timber forest products in the United States: a review and synthesis. Agroforestry Systems, 1-14. - Gao, M., Zhang, J. and Feng, H., 2011. Extremely low frequency magnetic field effects on metabolite of Aspergillus niger. Bioelectromagnetics, 32(1): 73-78. - Javanmardi, J., Ranjbar, M. and Shams, Gh., 2008. Effect of magnetic field on growth indices of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida). Proceeding of the 17th Congress of The International Society for Mushroom Scince, 459-913. - Jiang, W., Li, X., Dong, S. and Zhou, W., 2021. Betulinic acid in the treatment of tumour diseases: Application and research progress. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 142: 111990. - Keypour, S., Riahi, H., Asef, M.R., Abdollahzadeh, J., Borhani, A. and Safaie, N., 2020. The true nature of Ganoderma in Iran: Taxonomy based on ITS and mtSSU rDNA. Forest Pathology, 50(4): e12605. - Kim, H.W. and Kim, B.K., 1999. Biomedicinal triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst (Aphyllophoromycetideae). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 1(2): 121-138. - Klein, B.P. and Perry, A.K., 1982. Ascorbic acid and vitamin A activity in selected vegetables from different geographical areas of the United States. Journal of Food Science, 47(3): 941-945. - Krasutsky, P.A., 2006. Birch bark research and development. Natural Product Research, 23: 919-942. - Liu, G.Q., Xiao, H.X., Wang, X.L., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y.G. and Ren, G.P, 2011. Stimulated production of triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum by an ether extract from the medicinal insect, Catharsius molossus, and identification of the key stimulating active components. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 165(1): 87-97. - Manoliua, A.L., Opricab, L., Olteanub, Z., Neacsub, L., Artenieb, V., Creangac, D.E., Rusuc, L. and Bodalec, L., 2006. Peroxidase activity in magnetically expose cellulolytic fungi. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 300(1): 323-326. - Mehedintu, M. and Berg, H, 1997. Proliferation response of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on electromagnetic field parameters. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 43: 67-70. - Mohan, K., Padmanaban, M. and Uthayakumar, V., 2015. Isolation, structural characterization and antioxidant activities of Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes). American Journal of Biology and Life Sciences, 3(5): 168-175. - Moraes, R.M., Cerdeira, A.L. and Lourenço, M.V., 2021. Using micropropagation to develop medicinal plants into crops. Molecules, 26(6): 1752. - Nazari, J., Payamnoor, V., Kavosi, M.R. and Asadi, J., 2018. Extraction of anti-cancer triterpenoids (betulinic acid and betulin) from the birch bark-inhabiting lichen (Ramalina sinensis). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 34(4): 604-616. - Noora, H., Shahabivand, P., Karimi, F., Aghaei, A. and Darvish, F., 2017. Optimizing the growth and biomass production of the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 30(3): 304-312. - Pordel, R., Payamnoor, V., Mohammadi, J., Goodarzi, G., Yousefi, H. and Ahmadi, A., 2022. Improving the performance of birch seeds (Betula pendula) using nanoprime and magnetic field. Iranian Journal of Forest, 13(4): 425-436. - Rajasekaran, M. and Kalaimagal, C., 2011. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of a medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(9): 1427-1433. - Rao, S.R. and Ravishankar, G.A., 2002. Plant cell cultures: chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advances, 20(2): 101-153. - Rastogi, S., Pandey, M.M. and Kumar, S.W., 2015. Medicinal plants of the genus Betula: Traditional uses and a phytochemical pharmacological revie. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 159: 62-83. - Rezaei, A., Ghanati, F. and Behmanesh, M., 2010. Static magnetic field improved salicylic acid effect on taxol production in suspension cultured hazel (Corylus avellana) cells. In 6th International workshop on Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, 70-71. - Sabu, A., Dave, P. and Jain, N.K., 2018. Static electromagnetic field (EMF) of low frequency enhances seed germination and plant growth at early stages of development. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 6(6): 966-972. - Sanei, J. and Razavi, A., 2006. Agenda of Mycology Laboratory. Peyk Reyhan Publications, 211p. - Shang, G.M., Wu, J.C. and Yuan, Y.J., 2004. Improved cell growth and Taxol production of suspension-cultured Taxus chinensis var. mairei in alternating and direct current magnetic fields. Biotechnology letters, 26(11): 875-878. - Siwulski, M., Budzyńska, S., Rzymski, P., Gąsecka, M., Niedzielski, P., Kalač, P. and Mleczek, M., 2019. The effects of germanium and selenium on growth, metalloid accumulation and ergosterol content in mushrooms: Experimental study in Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum. European Food Research and Technology, 245(9): 1799-1810. - Siwulski, M., Sobieralski, K., Golak-Siwulska, I., Sokol, S. and Sekara, A., 2015. Ganoderma lucidum (Curt: Fr.) Karst. -health-promoting properties: A review. Herba Polonica.61(3): 105-118. - Taghizadeh, M., Nasibi, F., Kalantari, K.M. and Ghanati, F., 2019. Evaluation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in Dracocephalum polychaetum Bornm. cell suspension culture under magnetite nanoparticles and static magnetic field elicitation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 136(3): 489-498. - Tang, W., Liu, J.W., Zhao, W.M., Wei, D.Z. and Zhong, J.J., 2006. Ganoderic acid T from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia induces mitochondria mediated apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Life Sciences, 80(3): 205-211. - Vashisth, A. and Nagarajan, S., 2010. Effect on germination and early growth characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds exposed to static magnetic field. Journal of plant physiology, 167(2): 149-156. - Vo, K.T.X., Rahman, M.M., Rahman, M.M., Trinh, K.T.T., Kim, S.T. and Jeon, J.S., 2021. Proteomics and metabolomics studies on the biotic stress responses of rice: an update. Rice, 14(1): 1-16. - Wang, Y.Y., Khoo, K.H., Chen, S.T., Lin, C.C., Wong, C.H. and Lin, C.H., 2002. Studies on the immunomodulating and antitumor activities of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) polysaccharides: functional and proteomic analyses of a fucose containing glycoprotein fraction responsible for the activities. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 10(4): 1057-1062. - Wasser, S.P., 2005. Reishi or ling zhi (Ganoderma lucidum). Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements, 1: 603-622. - Xiong, X., Zhen, Z., Liu, Y., Gao, M., Wang, S., Li, L. and Zhang, J., 2020. Low‐frequency magnetic field of appropriate strengths changed secondary metabolite production and Na+ concentration of intracellular and extracellular Monascus purpureus. Bioelectromagnetics, 41(4): 289-297. - Yang, X., Chen, Ch., Mi, K. and Yang, Q., 2007. The potential use of limulus G test assay for evaluation of immunomodalatory activity of Ganoderma Polysaccarides. Int. J. Med. Mushr, 9(3-4): 219-220. - Yen, G.C. and Wu, J.Y., 1999. Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of extracts from Ganoderma tsugae. Food Chemistry, 65(3): 375-379. - Zhao, J., Davis, L.C. and Verpoorte, R., 2005. Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advances, 23(4): 283-333. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 563 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 547 |
||