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امکان‌سنجی اهلی‌کردن برخی گونه‌های بنفشه (Viola spp.) بومی ایران | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 38، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 114، دی 1401، صفحه 632-650 اصل مقاله (1.33 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2022.357486.3145 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محدثه قربانی1؛ سارا خراسانی نژاد* 2؛ خدایار همتی3؛ خلیل قربانی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار، گروه سازه و منابع آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه توده‌های جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) جمع‌آوری شده از شمال و شمال‌غرب ایران، به‌منظور بررسی سازگاری و امکان‌سنجی اهلی‌سازی آنها در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان انجام شد. نمونه‌های گیاه کامل به‌همراه ریزوم آنها از 9 رویشگاه در استان‌هان گلستان، مازندران، گیلان، آذربایجان و کرمانشاه در فصل رویش جمع‌آوری شدند. پس از تأیید گیاهشناسی و دریافت کد هرباریومی، ریزوم‌ها با سه تکرار در ترکیب خاکی و آب و هوای یکسان کشت شدند. اجزای عملکرد و صفات فیزیولوژیک، مورفولوژیک و فیتوشیمیایی آنها پس از گذشت یک سال زراعی در زمان گلدهی اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد این 9 توده از گونه‌های V. alba Besser، V. odorata L.، V. sieheana W.Becker و V. ignobilis Rups. بودند. همگی توده‌ها پس از گذشت یک سال زراعی تولید گل و بذر نمودند. توده‌ها با هم اختلاف معنی‌دار (در سطح احتمال 1%) داشتند. جمعیت V. ignobilis از منطقه کرمانشاه بیشترین مقدار وزن تر ریشه و اندام هوایی، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و سطح برگ را داشت. بیشترین میزان طول ریشه و اندام هوایی به جمعیت V. sieheana از منطقه النگدره اختصاص یافت. جمعیت V. alba از منطقه زیارت بیشترین مقدار فنل کل (45.74 میلی‌گرم اسیدگالیک بر گرم عصاره خشک) و فلاونوئید کل (20.24 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین بر گرم عصاره خشک) را داشت. بیشترین میزان کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید و آنتوسیانین به جمعیت V. odorata از منطقه بندرگز تعلق گرفت. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی به‌روش‌های DPPH و ABTS در جمعیت V. alba از منطقه افراتخته و بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی به‌روش FRAP در جمعیت V. odorata از منطقه قرن‌آباد مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان آنتی‌اکسیدان کل در جمعیت‌های V. alba و V. oderata از منطقه زیارت اندازه‌گیری شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج حاکی از وجود تنوع قابل ملاحظه صفات در جمعیت‌های بنفشه است. این تنوع می‌تواند به‌دلیل پتانسیل ژنتیکی بالا در بین جمعیت‌ها، اختلاف شرایط محیطی و یا اثرات متقابل جمعیت و محیط بوجود آمده باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ABTS؛ DPPH؛ Viola alba؛ Viola ignobili؛ Viola odorata؛ Viola sieheana | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Feasibility study on some native Iranian Viola spp. domestication | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Ghorbani1؛ S. Khorasaninejad2؛ Kh. Hemmati3؛ Kh. Ghorbani4 | ||
| 1M.Sc. student in medicinal plant, Horticultural Sciences Department, Plant Production Faculty, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Horticultural Sciences Department, Plant Production Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 3Horticultural Sciences Department, Plant Production Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Structures and Water Resources, Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was aimed at comparing Viola spp. populations collected from north and northwest of Iran to investigate the adaptability and feasibility of their domestication under climatic conditions of Gorgan. The whole plant samples together with their rhizomes were collected from nine habitats in Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, East Azerbaijan, and Kermanshah provinces during the growing season. After botanical approval and receiving herbarium code, the rhizomes were cultivated under the same soil and climate with three replications. Their yield components and physiological, morphological, and phytochemical traits were measured after one crop year at flowering stage. The results showed that these populations were from V. alba Besser, V. odorata L., V. sieheana W.Becker, and V. ignobilis Rups. species. All populations produced flowers and seeds after one crop year. The populations differed significantly (P<0.01). V. ignobilis from Kermanshah had the highest amount of root and aerial parts fresh weight, aerial parts dry weight, and leaf area. The highest amount of root and aerial parts length belonged to V. sieheana from Alangdare. V. alba from Ziarat had the highest amount of total phenols (45.74 mg gallic acid per gram of dry extract) and total flavonoids (20.24 mg quercetin per gram of dry extract). The highest amount of chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins was observed in V. odorata from Bandargaz. The highest antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods was found in V. alba from Afratakhte and the highest one by FRAP was observed in V. odorata from Qarnabad. The highest amount of total antioxidant was measured in V. alba and V. oderata populations from Ziarat region. Overall, the results proved the considerable traits diversity in Viola spp. populations. This diversity could be due to the high genetic potential among different populations, differences in environmental conditions, or the interaction of population and environment. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| ABTS, DPPH, Viola alba, Viola ignobili, Viola odorata, Viola sieheana | ||
| مراجع | ||
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