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برآورد مقدار پتانسیل و شکاف بهره وری آب در تولید گندم‌آبی در ایران | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 23، شماره 86، مرداد 1401، صفحه 87-110 اصل مقاله (1.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2022.357070.1496 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ابوالفضل ناصری* 1؛ فریبرز عباسی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و زهکشی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بنا به ضرورت بهبود بهره‌وری آب در بخش کشاورزی، هدف این پژوهش، برآورد پتانسیل و شکاف بهره‌وری آب در تولید گندم آبی در ایران است. برای تعیین پتانسیل تولید گندم از روش توصیه‌شده فائو در نشریه 33 و برای تعیین تبخیرـ تعرق پتانسیل از نشریه 56 فائو و برای برآورد تبخیرـ تعرق واقعی از رابطه عملکرد و تبخیر-تعرق استفاده گردید. عملکرد واقعی از آمارنامه‌های وزارت جهاد کشاورزی استخراج گردید. شکاف عملکرد (و بهره‌وری آب) از تفاوت مقدار واقعی و پتانسیل به دست آمد. تفاوت شاخص عملکرد و بهره‌وری پتانسیل و واقعی به‌عنوان شکاف شاخص به دست آمد. عملکرد قابل حصول به‌عنوان بخشی از عملکرد پتانسیل که قابل‌دستیابی توسط تولیدکنندگان است، در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد برای دوره زمانی 1385 تا 1394 میانگین عملکرد قابل‌حصول و واقعی گندم در کشور به‌ترتیب 6516 و 2905 کیلوگرم در هکتار و شکاف عملکردی 3434 کیلوگرم بر هکتار بود. میانگین حسابی بهره‌وری پتانسیل و شکاف بهره‌وری (با راندمان کاربرد آب 60 درصد) به ترتیب 04/1 و 52/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بود. با شناسایی مؤلفه‌های اصلی ایجادکننده شکاف عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب و مدیریت مناسب زراعی در هر اقلیم یا استان میتوان شکافهای موجود را کاهش و با برطرف نمود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بهره‌وری پتانسیل؛ پتانسیل تولید؛ بهره‌وری واقعی؛ مدیریت آبیاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation of Potential and Gap of Water Productivity in Wheat Production in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| abolfazl Nasseri1؛ Fariborz Abbasi2 | ||
| 1Associated professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| 2Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, AERI | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Wheat has a specific importance and position as the main food and the source of calories (about 45% of the required energy) and protein (about 50% of the required protein). The gap of water productivity in agricultural production has not yet been investigated despite the need to improve water productivity in agricultural productions and the importance of potential of water productivity in the agricultural sector in Iran. Wheat is the main nutritional material and the main source of calorie and protein which has important and special status in the country among the various products. Water productivity is one of the important indices in evaluating the irrigation water use efficiency in the agricultural production. Globally, the value of this index has varied from 0.52 kg m-3 to 2.67 kg m-3. In spite of the need to improve water productivity in agricultural production; and the importance of amounts of this index in the agricultural sector, the gap in water productivity for agricultural production has not yet been studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the wheat-yield gap and to estimate the potential and gap of water productivity in wheat production in Iran. Methodology The recommended methods of FAO-33 and FAO-56 were respectively applied to determine the potential of wheat production and potential evapotranspiration in the country. Measured (actual) yields were acquired from documents of Agricultural Ministry. The gap of yield (and water productivity) was obtained from the difference between actual and potential (or reliable) values. The potential (and actual) of water productivity was achieved from the ratio of yield to the evapotranspiration. The reliable yield was defined as a part of the potential yield that could be achieved by producers. Results and Discussion With investigating the wheat-yield gap and to estimate the potential and gap of water productivity in wheat production in Iran, The results showed that the reliable and actual yields respectively averaged 6516 and 2905 kg ha-1 with a gap of 3434 kg ha-1 for the period of 1385 to 1394 (2006-2015). Now, 36% and 48% of the potential and reliable yields were harvested from wheat farms as an actual yield. The potential and reliable yields; and water productivity in wheat production is influenced by climatic conditions. The highest production gap was estimated from farms with semi- arid climate conditions. The potential productivity and its gap (with water application efficiency of 60%) were 1.04 and 0.52 kg m-3. Actual water productivity increases and the gap of water productivity reduce in all regions with enhancing the water application efficiency. Conclusions This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the wheat-yield gap and to estimate the potential and gap of water productivity in wheat production in Iran. Findings revealed that wheat farms in the arid and semi-arid climates in the country have a considerable capacity to save irrigation water by improving water application efficiency. The gap in yield and water productivity in wheat production is significantly correlated with the field management. Affecting factors on the water productivity gap include irrigation management, tillage practices, sowing time, nutrition and pest management. One of the limitations of this study is the application of the average of several coefficients such as crop coefficient and crop response to water deficit and need to calibration of actual evapotranspiration with field data. Therefore, Calibration of actual wheat evapotranspiration based on lysimetric data or satellite images as well as analysis or meta-analysis of factors affecting water productivity in wheat production can complement the findings of this study. By identifying the main components affecting the yield gap and water productivity and with appropriate agronomic management in each climate (or province) could reduce the existing gaps. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Actual productivity, Irrigation management, Production potential, Potential productivity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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