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بررسی مقاومت ارقام مختلف بادام نسبت به زنبور مغزخوار بادام Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) | ||
| نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران | ||
| دوره 42، شماره 2، شهریور 1401، صفحه 91-100 اصل مقاله (1.31 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل، فارسی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.52547/jesi.42.1.8 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسعود تقی زاده* ؛ حسین لطفعلی زاده؛ داود شیردل؛ جلیل دژم پور | ||
| مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌شرقی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| زنبور مغزخوار بادام،Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein ، یکی از آفات مهم و کلیدی درختان بادام در ایران است. برای انجام این تحقیق، 7 رقم و ژنوتیپ بادام جدید و نیز رایج در استان آذربایجان شرقی بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بین ارقام مختلف مورد آزمایش بادام از لحاظ درصد آلودگی به زنبور مغزخوار بادام، اختلاف معنیدار در سطح احتمال یک درصد وجود داشت. ارقام آذر و شکوفه و ژنوتیپ ALC721 با میانگین بیش از 50 درصد آلودگی بالاترین درصد آلودگی را در بین ارقام مورد آزمایش داشتند و ارقام فرانیس، سهند، A200 و اسکندر با میانگین کمتر از 10 درصد آلودگی دارای کمترین درصد آلودگی به این آفت بودند. بررسی تعداد نیش زنبور در آزمایش آنتیزنوز نشان داد که رقم آذر با میانگین 96/0±07/2 دارای بالاترین نیش زنبور و ارقام سهند با میانگین 43/0± 61/0 و فرانیس با میانگین 51/0± 60/0 دارای کمترین نیش زنبور بودند. بیشترین درصد ریزش میوه در اثر نیش زنبور، در ارقام آذر، شکوفه، اسکندر، فرانیس و ژنوتیپ ALC721 با میانگین بیش از 35% و کمترین درصد ریزش میوه در ارقام A200 و سهند با میانگین کمتر از 10% بود. نتایج آزمایش بویاییسنجی نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد زنبورهای ماده به ارقام اسکندر، آذر، ALC721 و شکوفه و کمترین تعداد زنبور به ارقام سهند و فرانیس جلب شدند. بطور کلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که ارقام آذر و شکوفه و ژنوتیپ ALC721 حساسترین ارقام به زنبور مغزخوار بادام در بین ارقام مختلف مورد آزمایش بادام بودند. ارقام فرانیس و اسکندر علیرغم درصد ریزش بالای میوه در اثر نیش زنبور دارای درصد آلودگی پایین به زنبور مغزخوار بادام در آخر فصل بودند. ارقام سهند و A200 با کمترین درصد ریزش میوه در اثر نیش زنبور و نیز کمترین درصد آلودگی به زنبور مغزخوار بادام در آخر فصل مقاومترین ارقام به زنبور مغزخوار بادام بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| زنبور مغزخوار بادام؛ ارقام مقاوم؛ بویایی سنجی؛ خصوصیات ریخت شناسی؛ ترجیح میزبانی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study on the resistance of different almond varieties to Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Masoud Taghizadeh؛ Hossein Lotfaliadeh؛ Davood Shirdel؛ Jalil Dejampour | ||
| Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein is one of the most important pests of almond trees in Iran. In this investigation, seven new and commercial almond varieties and genotypes were evaluated in East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that there was a significant difference among the different varieties of almonds (P<0.01) in terms of infestation percentage of almond fruits. Azar and Shokoofeh varieties and genotype ALC721 with an average of more than 50% infestation had the highest infestation percentage among the tested varieties, whereas Ferragnes, Sahand, A200 and Eskandar with less than 10% infestation had the lowest infestation percentage to this pest. study the number of wasp stings in the antixenosis test showed that Azar variety with an average of 2.07±0.96 had the highest wasp stings, whereas Sahand and Ferragness (with the mean of 0.61±0.43 and 0.60±0.51, respectively) had the lowest wasp stings. The highest percentage of fallen fruits due to wasp stings were observed in Azar, Shokoofeh, Eskandar, Ferragnes and ALC721 with an average of more than 35% and the lowest percentage of fallen fruits observed in A200 and Sahand with an average of less than 10%. The results of olfactory test showed that the highest number of female wasps was attracted to Eskandar, Azar, ALC721 and Shokoofeh varieties, whereas the lowest was attracted to Sahand and Ferragnes varieties. In general, the results of this study showed that Azar and Shokoofeh varieties and genotype ALC721 were the most susceptible varieties to almond seed wasp among the studied varieties. Ferragnes and Eskandar varieties, despite the high percentage of fruit drop due to wasp stings, had a low infestation percentage of almond fruits at the end of the season. Sahand and A200 varieties with the lowest percentage of fruit drop due to wasp stings and also the lowest infestation percentage of almond fruits at the end of the season were the most resistant varieties to the almond seed wasp. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Almond seed wasp, resistant varieties, olfactometry, morphological characteristics, host preference | ||
| مراجع | ||
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