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اثر روش های کشت نشایی و بذری بر صفات زراعی کلزای زمستانه در زمان های مختلف انتقال نشاء در منطقه کرج | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 134، فروردین 1401، صفحه 34-16 اصل مقاله (612.95 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2022.351216.1491 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید جباری* 1؛ اسداله زارعی سیاه بیدی2؛ هرمز اسدی1؛ امیر حسین شیرانی راد1؛ نادیا صفوی فرد3؛ محمدباقر ولی پور4 | ||
| 1عضو هیأت علمی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| 3دکتری زراعت، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این بررسی به منظور ارزیابی صفات زراعی در کشت نشایی و رایج کلزا در تاریخ‌های کشت تاخیری در مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج به مدت دو سال زراعی (97-1396 و 98-1397) اجرا شد. این بررسی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای این آزمایش شامل کشت بذر کلزا رقم زمستانه احمدی در 15 مهر ماه (شاهد)، انتقال نشای دوبرگی در تاریخ‌های 25 مهر، 10 آبان و 20 آبان و انتقال نشای چهاربرگی در تاریخ‌های 25 مهر، 10 آبان و 20 آبان بود. بیشترین عملکرد و درآمد خالص تولید دانه از تیمار کشت بذر در تاریخ 15 مهرماه به ترتیب 3495 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 1/61 میلیون ریال در هکتار حاصل شد. در بین تیمارهای کشت نشایی مورد مطالعه، بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار انتقال نشای چهاربرگی در 25 مهرماه به میزان 3332 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار انتقال نشای دوبرگی در 20 آبان ماه به میزان 1685 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده شد که به-ترتیب 7/4 و 8/51 درصد کاهش عملکرد نسبت به کشت بذری را نشان می‌دهد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که انتقال نشای ارقام زمستانه کلزا در مرحله دوبرگی مناسب نیست و نشای کلزای زمستانه باید حداقل چهاربرگ کامل داشته باشد. همچنین انتقال دیرهنگام نشای کلزا به مزرعه در مناطق معتدل سرد سبب کاهش چشمگیر عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با کشت بذری کلزا خواهد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| خصوصیات زراعی؛ عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد؛ کشت بذری؛ مراحل دو برگی و چهاربرگی نشاءکاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of seed planting and seedlings transplanting methods on agronomic traits of winter Oilseed rape under different times of transplanting in Karaj | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| hamid jabbari1؛ Asadolah Zareei Siahbidi2؛ hormoz asadi1؛ Amir Hosein Shirani Rad1؛ nadia safavi fard3؛ Mohammad Bagher Valipour4 | ||
| 1Faculty member Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty member of Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D Agronomy, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a traditional oil crop in Iran. Conventional oilseed rape production during the past decades has been performed through manual sowing, transplanting, and harvesting. In cold and temperate regions of the Iran, due to delays in harvesting the previous crop, it is not possible to planting oilseed rape seeds directly. Delayed planting of oilseed rape can reduce grain yield. Therefore, oilseed rape seedling transplanting can be one of the appropriate solutions. On the other hand, seedling quality is an essential indicator for grain yield in oilseed rape, which is affected by many factors, including seedling age. In addition, the time of seedling transplanting is also very important. Therefore, transplanting is also more advantageous than direct sowing in terms of time management. Although there are many benefits of transplanting in oilseed rape production systems, the optimal age of oilseed rape seedling for transplanting remains unknown. Furthermore, inappropriate seedling age is always misleading in terms of whether older or younger seedlings are employed for transplanting in practice. Thus, it necessitates seeking an optimal seedling age and evaluating its effect on grain yield. Materials and Methods: Two field experiments was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing season. There 7 treatments including seed planting on 7 October (control), transplanting of two-leaf seedlings and four-leaf seedlings on 17 October, 1 November and 11 November. The genotype used in this study was Ahmadi as a winter cultivar. The measured traits included days to flowering, flowering period, growth period, plant height, number of branches, grain per silique, silique per plant, silique length, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. SAS statistical software was used for data analysis and means were compared with LSD test. Results and Discussion: The results of variance analysis indicated that days to flowering, flowering period, silique per plant and grain yield (P≤0.05) and grain per silique (P≤0.01) was significantly affected by the seedling and seed planting treatments. Results of this study showed that in two-leaf seedling transplanting treatments at different times of seedling transplanting, delay in flowering was observed, but the duration of flowering period was shorter in these treatments. Also, in the transplanting treatments at the two-leaf seedling, silique per plant and grain per silique were less than them in other treatments. The highest grain yield and net income observed in seed planting treatment (3495 kg ha-1 and 61.1 Iranian million rials ha-1). Higher grain yield components such as silique per plant and grain per silique due to early flowering caused higher grain yield in seed planting treatment. In contrast, grain yield was lower in transplanting treatments compared to seed planting method. However, among the transplanting treatments, the highest grain yield was observed in the four-leaf seedling transplanting on 17 October as 3332 kg ha-1. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that transplanting of winter oilseed rape cultivar is not suitable in the two-leaf seedling stage and winter oilseed rape seedling should have at least four-leaf stage. In general, it seems that the late transplanting of oilseed rape seedlings to the farm in semi cold regions will significantly reduce grain yield compared to oilseed rape seed planting method. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agronomic characteristics, Seed planting, Two-leaf and four-leaf transplanting stages, Yield and yield components | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Ahmadi, K., Ebadzade, H.R., Hatami, F., Mohamadnia Afrozi, S.H., Esfandiyari Pour, E., and Abas Taghani, R. 2021. Agricultural statistics of Iran. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center. 89 p. Dong, H.Z., Li, W.J., Tang, W., and Zhang, D.M. 2005. Increased yield and revenue with a seedling transplanting system for hybrid seed production in Bt cotton. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,191: 116-124. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2019. The FAOSTAT Database. Available at Web site http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx (accessed 28 June 2021). Hamed, A., Akbari, G.H.A., KhoshKholghSima, N.A., Shirani Rad, A.H., Hamid, J., and Ali Tabatabaee, S.A. 2014. Evaluation of the agronomic characteristics and some physiological traits of canola varieties under drought stress.Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 7(2): 155-171(In Persian with English Summary). Hu, Q., Hua, W., Yin, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, L., Shi, J., Zhao, Y., Qin, L., Hanzhong, C., and Wang, H. 2017.Rapeseed research and production in China. Crop Journal, 5(2): 127-135. Jabbari, H., Khadem, S., Mozafari, H., and SafaviFard, N. 2020. The effect of foliar application of zinc element and transplanting time on agronomic and physiological characteristics of two rapeseed cultivars. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 12(42):41-52 (In Persian with English Summary). Mulyati, R., Bell, W., and Huang, L. 2009. Root pruning and transplanting increase zinc requirements of canola (Brassica napus). Plant &Soil, 314(1): 11-24. Rabiee, M.F., Aliniya, F., and TousiKehal, P. 2011.Effect of transplanting date on seed yield and its components of four rapeseed (Brassicanapus L.)cultivars as second crop in Rasht in Iran.Seed & Plant Production,27(3): 251-267 (In Persian with English Summary). Rabiee, M., Alinia, F., and TousiKehal, P. 2010. Effect of transplanting date on yield and some important traits of rapeseed cultivars in paddy field of Guilan –Iran.Journal of Agricultural science & sustainable production,20(3): 153-173 (In Persian with English Summary). Ren, Y., Zhu, J., Hussain, N., Ma Ye, S., Zhang, G.D., and Hua, S. 2014. Seedling age and quality upon transplanting affect seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 94: 1461-1469. Safi, S.Z., Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A., Zand-Parsa, S.H., Emam, Y., andHonar, T. 2019. Evaluation of yield, actual crop evapotranspiration and water productivity of two canola cultivars as influenced by transplanting and seeding and deficit irrigation. International Journal of Plant Production, 13: 23–33. Singh, T., and Singh, A. 2012.Performance of transplanted canola varieties in relation to age of nursery seedlings and inter-row spacings under late sown condition. Crop Research, 44 (3): 304-310. Sha, W., Enli, W., Fei, W., and Liang, T. 2012.Phenological development and grain yield of canola as affected by sowing date and climate variation in the Yangtze River Basin of China. Crop Pasture Science, 63: 478-488. Shirani Rad, A.H., Jabbari, H., and Dehshiri, A. 2013. Evaluation of spring rapeseed cultivars response to spring and autumn planting seasons. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 7(3):493-505(In Persian with English Summary). Shirani Rad, A.H., Alizade, B., Amiri Oghan, H., Jabbari, H., Roudi, D., Keyhanian, A.A., Rahmanpour, S., Eyvani, A., Malek Ahmadi, H., Razavi, R., and Dolatparast, B. 2020. Technical instructions for rapeseed production in Iran.Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. 30 p. Shirani Rad, A.H., Alizade, B., Jabbari, H., Amiri Oghan, H., Rahmanpour, S., Sadeghi Garmaroudi, H., Safavi Rad, N., Keyhanian, A.A., Nourgholi Pour, F., Mostofi, M.R., Eyvani, A., Rezaei, H., Azizi, A.A., and Razavi, R. 2021. New aspects of rapeseed cultivation in Iran. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. 199 p. Vergeer, P., and Kunin, W.E. 2013. Adaptation at range margins: common garden trials and the performance of Arabidopsis lyrata across its northwestern European range. New Phytologist, 197 (3): 989-1001. | ||
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