| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,873 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,555 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 42,418,876 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 19,194,476 |
تغییر شکل هوموس تحت تأثیر تیپ‌های مختلف جنگلی و سال‌های متفاوت پس از عملیات بهره‌برداری | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 30، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 88، تیر 1401، صفحه 135-147 اصل مقاله (418.68 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2022.358979.2055 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هادی سهرابی* 1؛ مقداد جورغلامی2 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول، دکترای مهندسی جنگل، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نوع لاش‌برگ تولیدی درختان به‌عنوان عامل تأثیرگذار بر فرایندهای بوم‌شناختی و تشکیل افق‌های خاک، نقش کلیدی در وضعیت و عملکرد بوم‌سازگان جنگل دارد. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، شکل هوموس در تیپ‌های متفاوت جنگلی طی بازه‌های زمانی مختلف پس از عملیات بهره‌برداری (شش، 10 و 20 سال) در مسیرهای چوب‌کشی جنگل خیرود در شهرستان نوشهر بررسی شد. هر مسیر چوب‌کشی با سه تکرار در توده‌های راش خالص، راش- ممرز و راش آمیخته شناسایی شد. درمجموع، 81 پروفیل با اندازه‌های 30×30 سانتی‌متر مربع در آن‌ها حفر شد تا با استفاده از پیشنهاد گروه هوموس اروپا طبقه‌بندی شوند. نتایج نشان داد که هوموس مول، غالب‌ترین سیستم هوموس در لاش‌برگ توده‌های راش آمیخته و راش- ممرز بود، درحالی‌که فراوان‌ترین آن در لاش‌برگ راش خالص به هوموس آمفی تعلق داشت. در مسیر چوب‌کشی تحت لاش‌برگ راش آمیخته، اولیگومول فراوان‌ترین شکل هوموس بود، درحالی‌که یومزوآمفی، یوماکروآمفی و هیمومودر به‌عنوان رایج‌ترین شکل‌های هوموس در مسیرهای تحت لاش‌برگ راش خالص شناسایی شدند. سیستم‌های هوموس مشاهده‌شده در مسیرهای چوب‌کشی شش و 10 ساله شامل مول، آمفی و مودر بودند، درحالی‌که در مسیر چوب‌کشی 20 ساله فقط هوموس‌های مول و آمفی مشاهده شدند. بیشترین ضخامت افق‌های آلی (1/10 سانتی‌متر) در مسیر چوب‌کشی 20 ساله تحت لاش‌برگ راش خالص به‌دست آمد، درحالی‌که بیشترین ضخامت افق آلی- معدنی (8/3 سانتی‌متر) در لاش‌برگ متعلق به توده راش آمیخته در همان مسیر چوب‌کشی مشاهده شد. با گذشت 20 سال، هوموس در تیپ جنگلی راش آمیخته در مقایسه با منطقه دست‌نخورده به شکل اولیه خود نزدیکتر شده بود و شرایط بهتری را برای بهبود وضعیت خاک داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| افق‌های آلی؛ جنگل‌های هیرکانی؛ طبقه‌بندی هوموس؛ عملیات چوب‌کشی؛ لاش‌برگ درختان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The variability of humus form in different forest types and different years after skidding operations | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| H. Sohrabi1؛ M. Jourgholami2 | ||
| 1Corresponding author, Ph.D. of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The type of litter produced from trees as an influencing factor in ecological processes and the formation of soil horizons plays a key role in the function of the forest ecosystem. In this study, the form of humus was investigated in different forest types on skid trails in different time intervals after skidding operation (6, 10 and 20 years) in Kheyrud forest of Nowshahr County, Iran. Each skid trail was identified with three replications in pure beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), beech-hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and mixed beech stands. In total, 81 profiles with dimensions of 30×30 cm2 were drilled in them to be classified using the European Humus Group proposal (EHGP). The mull of the most dominant humus was under the mixed beech litter, while in the pure beech litter the amphi humus was the most abundant system of humus. Three types of humus mull, moder and amphi were observed in the skid trail under beech-hornbeam litter. Oligomull was the most abundant form of humus mull in the skid trail under mixed beech litter, while in the trails under pure beech Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi and Hemimoder were the most common forms of humus. The highest thickness of the organic horizons in the 20-year skid trail was under pure beech litter (10.1 cm), while the highest thickness of the organic-mineral horizon was under mixed beech litter (3.8 cm). After 20 years, the humus form in the mixed beech forest stand has become closer to its original form compared to the undisturbed area and has provided better conditions for improving the soil condition. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Humus classification, Hyrcanian forests, organic horizons, skidding operations, tree litter | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Andreetta, A., Cecchini, G., Bonifacio, E., Comolli, R., Vingiani, S. and Carnicelli, S., 2016. Tree or soil? Factors influencing humus form differentiation in Italian forests. Geoderma, 264: 195-204. - Anschlag, K., Tatti, D., Hellwig, N., Sartori, G., Gobat, J.M. and Broll, G., 2017. Vegetation-based bioindication of humus forms in coniferous mountain forests. Journal of Mountain Science, 14(4): 662-673. - Badía-Villas, D. and Girona-García, A., 2018. Soil humus changes with elevation in Scots pine stands of the Moncayo Massif (NE Spain). Applied Soil Ecology, 123: 617-621. - Bauhus, J., Vor, T., Bartsch, N. and Cowling, A., 2004. The effects of gaps and liming on forest floor decomposition and soil C and N dynamics in a Fagus sylvatica forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 34(3): 509-518. - Bayranvand, M., Akbarinia, M., Salehi Jouzani, G., Gharechahi, J. and Alberti, G., 2021. Dynamics of humus forms and soil characteristics along a forest altitudinal gradient in Hyrcanian forest. iForest, 14(1): 26-33. - Bayranvand, M., Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S.M. and Alberti, G., 2017. Humus forms in relation to altitude and forest type in the Northern mountainous regions of Iran. Forest Ecology and Management, 385: 78-86. - Bohlen, PJ,. 2002. Earthworms. Oligochaeta: Arch Pheretima, Meta Pheretima, Plan Pheretima, Pleinogaster and Polypheretima. Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History, Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA, pp. 1-128. - Bonifacio, E., D’Amico, M., Catoni, M. and Stanchi, S., 2018. Humus forms as a synthetic parameter for ecological investigations. Some examples in the Ligurian Alps (North–Western Italy). Applied Soil Ecology, 123: 568-571. - Crawford, L.J., Heinse, R., Kimsey, M.J. and Page-Dumroese, D.S., 2021. Soil sustainability and harvest operations: A review. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-421. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 39 p., 421. - De Nicola, C., Zanella, A., Testi, A., Fanelli, G. and Pignatti, S., 2014. Humus forms in a Mediterranean area (Castelporziano Reserve, Rome, Italy): classification, functioning and organic carbon storage. Geoderma, 235-236: 90-99. - Ezzati, S., Najafi, A., Rab, M.A. and Zenner, E.K., 2012. Recovery of soil bulk density, porosity and rutting from ground skidding over a 20-year period after timber harvesting in Iran. Silva Fennica, 46(4): 521-538. - Graefe, U. and Beylich, A., 2006. Humus forms as tool for upscaling soil biodiversity data to landscape level. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 108(6-7108): 6-7. - Green, R.N., Trowbridge, R.L. and Klinka, K., 1993. Towards a taxonomic classification of humus forms. Forest Science, 39(1): a0001-z0002. - Guo, A., Ding, L., Tang, Z., Zhao, Z. and Duan, G., 2019. Microbial response to CaCO3 application in an acid soil in southern China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 79: 321-329. - Hellwig, N., Tatti, D., Sartori, G., Anschlag, K., Graefe, U., Egli, M., and Broll, G., 2019. Modeling spatial patterns of humus forms in montane and subalpine forests: implications of local variability for upscaling. Sustainability, 11(1): 48. - Jourgholami, M., Khoramizadeh, A., Lo Monaco, A., Venanzi, R., Latterini, F., Tavankar, F. and Picchio, R., 2021. Evaluation of leaf litter mulching and incorporation on skid trails for the recovery of soil physico-chemical and biological properties of mixed broadleaved forests. Land, 10(6), p.625. - Jourgholami, M., Soltanpour, S., Etehadi Abari, M. and Zenner, E.K., 2014. Influence of slope on physical soil disturbance due to farm tractor forwarding in a Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 7(5), p.342. - Labaz, B., Galka, B., Bogacz, A., Waroszewski, J. and Kabala, C., 2014. Factors influencing humus forms and forest litter properties in the mid-mountains under temperate climate of southwestern Poland. Geoderma, 230-231: 265-273. - Li, Z., Wei, B., Wang, X., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, A., 2018. Response of soil organic carbon fractions and CO2 emissions to exogenous composted manure and calcium carbonate. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18(5): 1832-1843. - Ponge, J.F., Jabiol, B. and Gégout, J.C., 2011. Geology and climate conditions affect more humus forms than forest canopies at large scale in temperate forests. Geoderma, 162(1-2): 187-195. - Ponge, J.F., Sartori, G., Garlato, A., Ungaro, F., Zanella, A., Jabiol, B. and Obber, S., 2014. The impact of parent material, climate, soil type and vegetation on Venetian forest humus forms: a direct gradient approach. Geoderma, 226-227: 290-299. - Rizvi, S.H., Gauquelin, T., Gers, C., Guérold, F., Pagnout, C. and Baldy, V., 2012. Calcium–magnesium liming of acidified forested catchments: Effects on humus morphology and functioning. Applied Soil Ecology, 62: 81-87. - Sadeghi, M., Habashi, H., Esmailzadeh, O., Mohamadi, J. and Sajedi, T., 2020. Model humus forms changes in the beech and hornbeam stands in the old growth and managed forest (Case study: Shast-kalate forest of Gorgan). Journal of Forest Research and Development, 6(3): 429-444 (In Persian with English summary). - Sajedi, T., Zahedi Amiri, Gh. and Marvie-Mohadjer, M.R., 2004. Variation of humus forms and nutrient properties in pure and mixed beech stands in north of Iran. Proceeding of the 7th International Beech Symposium: Improvement and Silviculture of Beech. Tehran, Iran, 10-20 May 2004: 105-113. - Salmon, S., 2018. Changes in humus forms, soil invertebrate communities and soil functioning with forest dynamics. Applied Soil Ecology, 123: 345-354. - Sohrabi, H., Jourgholami, M., Lo Monaco, A. and Picchio, R., 2022. Effects of forest harvesting operations on the recovery of earthworms and nematodes in the Hyrcanain old-growth forest: Assessment, mitigation, and best management practice. Land, 11(5): 746. - Van Calster, H., Baeten, L., De Schrijver, A., De Keersmaeker, L., Rogister, J.E., Verheyen, K. and Hermy, M., 2007. Management driven changes (1967–2005) in soil acidity and the understorey plant community following conversion of a coppice-with-standards forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 241(1-3): 258-271. - Van Delft, B., De Waal, R., Kemmers, R., Mekkink, P. and Sevink, J., 2006. Field Guide Humus Forms, Description and Classification of Humus Forms for Ecological Applications (translation). Research Institute for the Green Environment, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 92p. - Waez-Mousavi, S.M. and Habashi, H., 2012. Evaluating humus forms variation in an unmanaged mixed beech forest using two different classification methods. iForest, 5(5): 272-275. - Waez-Mousavi, S.M., 2018. Humus systems in the Caspian Hyrcanian temperate forests. Applied Soil Ecology, 123: 664-667. - Zanella, A., Jabiol, B., Ponge, J.F., Sartori, G., De Waal, R., Van Delft, B., … and Englisch, M., 2011. A European morpho-functional classification of humus forms. Geoderma, 164(3-4): 138-145. - Zanella, A., Ponge, J.F., Jabiol, B., Sartori, G., Kolb, E., Le Bayon, R.C., … and Viola, F., 2018. Humusica 1, article 5: Terrestrial humus systems and forms — Keys of classification of humus systems and forms. Applied Soil Ecology, 122: 75-86. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 403 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 262 |
||