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جداسازی قارچ‌های بیمارگر حشرات از خاک‌های زراعی و بکر و ارزیابی بیمارگری آنها روی سوسک Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) | ||
| نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران | ||
| دوره 42، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 89، خرداد 1401، صفحه 29-53 اصل مقاله (1.55 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل، انگلیسی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.52547/jesi.42.1.3 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هادی مهرمرادی؛ صمد جمالی* ؛ حمیدرضا پوریان | ||
| گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف این مطالعه بررسی قارچ‌های بیماری‌زای حشرات مرتبط با مناطق مختلف اکولوژیکی از جمله جنگل‌ها، باغ‌ها، مزارع و خاک‌های مرتعی استان کرمانشاه بود. برای ارزیابی‌های مورفولوژیکی، مولکولی، شاخص تنوع و ارزیابی بیماری‌زایی قارچ‌های بیماری‌زای حشرات بومی، نمونه برداری از 41 منطقه مختلف انجام شد. با استفاده از روش طعمه‌گذاری با استفاده از لاروهای Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller)، 114 جدایه قارچ که 39 جدایه از جنگل‌ها، 38 جدایه از مزارع، 22 جدایه از مراتع و 15 جدایه از خاک‌های باغی بودند، بدست آمد. بر اساس ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و مطالعه توالی‌های نسخه برداری شده داخلی (ITS) DNA ریبوزومی، قارچ‌های بدست آمده شامل گونه‌های Alternaria chlamydosporigen، Aspergillus nomius، Beauveria bassiana، B. pseudobassiana، B. brongniartium، Chaetomium elatum، Fusarium equiseti، F. oxysporum، Fusarium sp. ، Meyerozyma guilliermondii، Paramyrothecium roridum، Penicillium sp.، Penicillium sizovae و P. solitum بودند. نتایج حاصله از این مطالعه نشان داد غنای گونه‌ای در خاک-های جنگل بلوط بیشتر از مناطق دیگر و خاک‌های زراعی، باغی و مرتعی به ترتیب در ردیف‌های بعدی قرار داشتند. علاوه بر این، خاک‌های جنگلی بلوط دارای مقادیر بالایی از شاخص‌های تنوع بودند، که شاخص سیمپسون ۹۷/۰، شاخص شانون 3.30، شاخص تعادل ۶۹/۰ و فیشر آلفا 25.8. شاخص دومینانس در مراتع نسبت به سایرین بیشتر بود. پس از سنجش اولیه، فعالیت حشره‌کشی سه جدایه منتخب از قارچ‌های بیمارگر شامل، Beauveria brongniartii، B. bassiana و B. pseudobassiana روی حشره بالغ سوسک لوبیا چشم بلبلی، Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) به‌عنوان میزبان جدید مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. از نظر شاخص حشره کشی جدایه های مورد مطالعه همگی بیمارگری بالایی روی حشرات بالغ سوسک لوبیا نشان دادند. مرگ و میر حشرات مورد آزمایش وابسته به دوز بود. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد کاربرد این قارچ‌های بومی به عنوان عوامل کنترل زیستی موثر برای برنامه های مدیریت آفات امیدوار کننده هستند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شناسایی مولکولی؛ تنوع زیستی قارچ‌ها؛ قارچ‌های بومی بیمارگر حشرات؛ پرآزاری؛ ایران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from cultivated and uncultivated soils and evaluation of virulence against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hadi Mehrmoradi؛ Samad Jamali؛ Hamid Reza Pourian | ||
| Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| We aimed to explore the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) from the different ecosystems including forests, gardens, fields, and rangeland soils in Kermanshah province, Iran. Trials were carried out on morphological, molecular characterization, diversity indices, and virulence assessments of indigenous EPF from 41 sampling sites of various localities. Using the Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) as host bait, 114 fungal isolates were recovered-i.e., 39 from forests, 38 from fields, 22 from rangelands, and 15 from garden soils. Based on morphological features and the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA, the recovered entomopathogenic fungi were identified as Alternaria chlamydosporigena, Aspergillus nomius, Beauveria bassiana, B. pseudobassiana, B. brongniartii, Chaetomium elatum, Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Paramyrothecium roridum, Penicillium sizovae, P. solitum and Penicillium sp.. Higher species richness was found in the oak forest soils compared with fields, gardens, and rangelands. Additionally, the oak forest soils had high values of diversity indices, i.e., Simpson Ds (0.97), Shannon (3.30), Equitability (0.69), and Fisher's alpha (25.8). The dominance index was higher in the rangelands compared with the others. Following the priliminary assays, the insecticidal activity of three selected EPF isolates, including Beauveria brongniartii, B. bassiana, and B. pseudobassiana was tested against adults of the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) as host. Hypervirulent strains caused high mortality considered as promising effective biocontrol agents in insect pest management programs. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Molecular identification, Fungal biodiversity, Local entomopathogenic fungi, Virulence, Iran | ||
| مراجع | ||
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