This study was conducted on a Typic Haplocalcids, coarse-loamy over loamy skeletal carbonatic, (hyper) thermic soil (alluvium-derived) at the Gareh Bygone Plain Experiment Station, 200 km to the south-east of Shiraz, Iran. Four composite samples of surface soil (0-20 cm) were collected from: (1) a control site without floodwater spreading. (2) The first two sedimentation basins (SBs) of the Bisheh Zard1 artificial recharge of groundwater (ARG) system, where Eucalyptus camaldulensis had been planted in Jan.-Feb. 1983(EUCA). (3) SB2 and SB3 of the Rahim Abad, which formed the third treatment and were under native pasture and irrigated with floodwater. (4) Farm fields located at south-west of Bisheh Zard formed the fourth treatment(AFAR). These samples were used for enumeration of total bacteria and nitrifying bacteria by the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. It was observed that, in comparison with the control, the total population of the soil bacteria increased by about 34 and 24 fold, respectively, at the sites with Eucalyptus camaldulensis and native pasture along with floodwater spreadingl. Two former sites had about 6 and 4 fold more microorganisms as compared with the farm fields. An increase in moisture and substrate supply for the biotic community at these sites, are the two major determinants. Amounts of organic matter in the site planted with E. camaldulensis, had increased by about 2-fold in comparison with control and farm fields (1.40% versus 0.63% and 0.73%, respectively). The number of ammonium oxidizers in EUCA and AFAR sites increased significantly. The number of both ammonium and nitrite oxidizers (nitrifiers) was more in the site with E. camaldulensis than the other sites. It may be concluded that cultivation of E. camaldulensis stimulates the growth and activity of nitrifier bacteria and subsequently, nitrification. |
- مصباح، سید حمید. 1373. مقایسه پوشش گیاهی طی دوره های خشک و تر. مجموعه مقالات سومین کنفرانس مرتعداری در ایران، ص ص. 196-192. ارومیه.
- Alexander, M. 1982. Most probable number method for microbial populations, PP:815 –820. InL. Page (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, second edition, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- Alexander, M. 1983. Introduction to Soil Microbiology. John Wiley and Sons,
New York.
- Baldwin, I.T., R.K. Olson, and W.A. Reiners. 1983. Protein binding phenolics and the inhibition of nitrification in subalpine balsam fir soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 15 : 419-423.
- Follet, R., and D.J Walker.1989. Groundwater quality concerns about nitrogen. P.1-22. In F.Follet (ed.) Nitrogen Management and Groundwater Protection. Elsevier Sci. Publ., Amsterdam.
- Hallberg, G.R., and D.R. Keeney. 1993. Nitrate, PP: 297 – 322. In M. Alley (ed.) Regional Groundwater Quality. Van Nostrand Rhein – hold, New York.
- Killham, K. 1994. Soil Ecology. Cambridge Press, New York.
- Kowsar, A., S.M. Mortazvi, and M. Niazi Ardakani.1996. Eight – year performance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in water spreaders in a sandy desert. Desertification Control Bulletin Number 29 (UNEP) : 35 – 41.
- Kowsar, A. 1991. Floodwater spreading for desertification control : An integrated approach. Desertification Contrail Bulletin Number 19. (UNEP) : 3 – 18.
- Kowsar, A. 1992. Desertification control through floodwater spreading in Iran. Unasylva 168 : Vol. 43, 27-30.
- Madison, R.J., and J.O. Brunett. 1985. Overview of the occurrence of nitrate in groundwater of the United States. In National Water Summary 1984- Hydrologic events, selected water – quality trends, and groundwater resources.
- Mohammadnia, M., F.I. Che, A.B. Rosenani, K.Y. Mohd, and A. Kowsar. 2005. The role of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. forest as a nitrate filter zone in the Gareh Bygan plain, Iran. In Proceeding of International Conference on Humam Impacts on Soil Quality Attributes, 12-16 September 2005, Isfahan, Iran.
- Paul, E.A., and F.E. Clark. 1989. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, Academic Press, San Diego.
- Rice, E.L., and S.K. Pancholy. 1972. Inhibition of nitrification by climax ecosystems. J. Bot. 59 : 1033-1040.
- Rice, E.L., and S.K. Pancholy. 1973. Inhibition of nitrification by climax ecosystems. II. Additional evidence and possible role of tanins, J. Bot. 60 : 691-702.
- Rice, E.L.1985. Allelopathy, 2nd ed. Academic Press. Orlando, Florida.
- Schmidt, E.L., and L.W. Belser. 1982. Nitrifying Bacteria, PP:1027 –1042 InL. Page (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part2 chemical and microbiological properties, second edition, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- J. 1981. Nitrogen cycling in arid ecosystems. In Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles, F.E. Clark and T. Rosswell(Eds.). Ecol. Bull.(Stockh.), 33:447-491.
- J. 1984. Microbial ecology of desert soils, Adv. Microb. Ecol. 7 : 49-92.
- Spalding, R.D., and M.E. Exner. 1993. Occurrence of nitrate in groundwater – a review. Environ. Qual. 22 : 392 – 402.
- Sprent, J. I. 1987. The Ecology of the Nitrogen Cycle. Cambridge Press, New York.
- Stevenson, F.J. 1986. Cycles in soil: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Micronutients. John Wiley and Sons. New York.
- TateIII, R.L. 1995 . Soil Microbiology , John Wiley and Sons, Inc, USA.
- Timothy, B.S., W.J. Shower, and S.S. Howa. 2002. Application of classification – tree methods to identify nitrate sources in groundwater. Environ. Qual. 31: 1538 – 1549.
- Yazdian, A.R., and A. Kowsar. 2003. The Aga Jari Formation : A potential source of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers, supply paper 2275. United States Survey, Renton; VA Nitrogen Fertilizers. In Abstracts 9th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference, Petrolina, PE-Brazil, 6-9 July 1999.
|