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اعتضاد, سید خسرو, دانشورکاخکی, محمود, محمدی, حسین. (1401). بررسی و سنجش اثرات دسترسی مالی رسمی و غیررسمی بر تمایل به ماندگاری افراد در روستا. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 24(4), 171-202. doi: 10.30490/rvt.2021.352015.1276
سید خسرو اعتضاد; محمود دانشورکاخکی; حسین محمدی. "بررسی و سنجش اثرات دسترسی مالی رسمی و غیررسمی بر تمایل به ماندگاری افراد در روستا". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 24, 4, 1401, 171-202. doi: 10.30490/rvt.2021.352015.1276
اعتضاد, سید خسرو, دانشورکاخکی, محمود, محمدی, حسین. (1401). 'بررسی و سنجش اثرات دسترسی مالی رسمی و غیررسمی بر تمایل به ماندگاری افراد در روستا', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 24(4), pp. 171-202. doi: 10.30490/rvt.2021.352015.1276
اعتضاد, سید خسرو, دانشورکاخکی, محمود, محمدی, حسین. بررسی و سنجش اثرات دسترسی مالی رسمی و غیررسمی بر تمایل به ماندگاری افراد در روستا. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1401; 24(4): 171-202. doi: 10.30490/rvt.2021.352015.1276

بررسی و سنجش اثرات دسترسی مالی رسمی و غیررسمی بر تمایل به ماندگاری افراد در روستا

روستا و توسعه
دوره 24، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 96، اردیبهشت 1401، صفحه 171-202    اصل مقاله (942.54 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30490/rvt.2021.352015.1276
نویسندگان
سید خسرو اعتضاد1؛ محمود دانشورکاخکی* 2؛ حسین محمدی3
1دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
2نویسندة مسئول و استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد،مشهد، ایران
چکیده
امروزه، در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه، مهاجرت از روستا به شهر از جمله مسائل اجتماعی و اقتصادی مهم به‏ شمار می‌رود. در مطالعه حاضر، با توجه به اهمیت مسئله ماندگاری در روستاهای ایران، به بررسی  رابطه میان ماندگاری افراد در روستاها و اثرات دسترسی مالی از طریق تأمین مالی درونی و بیرونی بر آن پرداخته شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان‏های گناباد، تربت‌حیدریه و سبزوار در استان خراسان رضوی بودند که از آن میان،  397 خانوار در قالب حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. میزان رضایت‌مندی افراد از سکونت در روستا به‏ عنوان متغیر وابسته (رضایت‌مندی کم، متوسط و زیاد) و متغیرهای سن، جنسیت، نوع فعالیت، سطح زیر کشت، درآمد، ارزش کل دارایی، پس‏انداز و دسترسی به اعتبارات رسمی و غیررسمی در قالب متغیرهای مستقل وارد تحلیل شدند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها، با توجه به وجود ناهمسانی در نمونه مورد بررسی، از شیوة لاجیت ترتیبی چندسطحی استفاده شد. برای تأیید وجود ناهمسانی در شهرستان‌ها و روستاهای مورد مطالعه، آماره‌‏های ضریب همبستگی درون‌گروهی (ICC) و شاخص اثر طراحی (DE) در نظر گرفته شدند و مقادیر آنها، به ‏ترتیب، برابر با  25/0 و 48/0 به‏دست آمد. از آنجا که مقادیر دو آماره بیش از 2/0 بوده، اثرات خودهمبستگی درون‌‏واحدی شایان توجه ارزیابی شده و وجود ناهمسانی در شهرستان‌ها و روستاهای مورد مطالعه پذیرفته شد؛ به دیگر سخن، در سطح شهرستان‌، دو پارامتر اصلیِ تعداد بانک نسبت به جمعیت شهر و نرخ دستمزد شهری حدود 25/0 واریانس‏های بین شهرها را نشان می‌دهند و در سطح روستاها نیز میزان همبستگی درون‌واحدی برابر با 48/0 بیانگر این است که در بین روستاها، متغیرهای اصلیِ نرخ بیکاری، وجود و عدم وجود منابع آب و متوسط سطح درآمد مردم حدود 48/0 واریانس بین روستاها را شامل می‌شوند که این ناهمسانی‌ها موجبات رضایت‌مندی از طیف زیاد به کم را مهیا می‌سازد. همچنین، سایر یافته ‏های تحقیق نشان داد که اعطای تسهیلات به خانوارهای روستایی به ‏صورت رسمی (و نه غیررسمی) باعث افزایش انگیزه آنها برای ماندن در روستا می‌شود و این افراد می ‏توانند با این تسهیلات رسمی دریافتی، کسب‏ وکارهای خود در مناطق روستایی را توسعه بخشیده، رضایت و تمایل بیشتری برای ماندن در روستا و عدم مهاجرت به شهر داشته باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ماندگاری در روستا؛ اعتبارات بانکی؛ رضایت‏مندی؛ توسعه ‏یافتگی؛ مؤسسات مالی؛ لاجیت چندسطحی
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigating Effects of Formal and Informal Financial Access on Willingness to Staying in the Village
نویسندگان [English]
S. Khosro Etezad1؛ Mahmoud Daneshvar Kakhki2؛ Hoessin Mohammadi3
1PhD Student in Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
2Corresponding Author and Professor of Agricultural Economics Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Today, in developing countries, including Iran, migration from rural to urban areas is an important social and economic issue. Given the importance of the issue of willingness to stay in village, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between willingness to stay in village and effects of financial access through internal and external financing. The statistical population included the rural households of Gonabad, Torbat-e Heydarieh and Sabzevar counties in Razavi Khroasan province of Iran; and among them, 397 rural households were selected as the sample size. The extent of people's satisfaction with living in rural areas as dependent variable (low, medium and high satisfaction) and age, gender, type of activity, area under cultivation, income, and total value of assets, savings and access to formal and informal credits as independent variables were studied. To analyze the data, due to the existence of heterogeneity in the sample, the multilevel sequential logit method was used. To confirm the existence of heterogeneity in the studied cities and villages, the statistics of intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and design effect (DE) index were considered, resulting in 0.25 and 0.48 values, respectively. Since these values were more than 0.2, the effects of intra-unit autocorrelation were evaluated as considerable and the existence of heterogeneity in the studied cities and villages was accepted; in other words, at the city level, the two main parameters of the number of banks in relation to the urban population and the urban wage rate showed about 0.25 variances between cities, and at the village level, the intra-unit auto-correlation of 0.48 indicated that the main variables of unemployment rate, the presence or absence of water resources and the average income level of the people included about 0.48 variance between villages, which these heterogeneity would provide a wide range of satisfaction to a large extent. Also, other research findings showed that granting facilities to rural households formally (rather than informally) could increase their motivation to stay in the village, and with these formal facilities, they would be able to start their own businesses in rural areas; hence, they might have more satisfaction and desire to stay in the countryside and not migrate to the city.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Willingness to Staying, External Credits, Financial Institutions, Logit, Multilevel
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