| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,070 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,284 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,070,741 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,989,207 |
ارزیابی سازه های آبخیزداری در ترسیب رسوب آبخیزهای خور–سفیدارک، فشند و عظیمیه، استان البرز | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 137، دی 1401، صفحه 2-19 اصل مقاله (2.35 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2022.357183.1451 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید کاظم زاده* 1؛ زهرا نوری1؛ محمد جهان تیغ2؛ اصغر بیات3؛ سلما ساعدی فرکوش4 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته‌ی دکترای علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکده ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد خاک‌شناسی، دانشکده ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 4دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد توسعه ی روستایی، دانشکده ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی‌کردن اثربخشی اقدام‌های آبخیزداری با اندازه‌های کَمّی به‌دست‌آمده از پژوهش‌های میدانی در آبخیزهای خور–سفیدارک، فشند و عظیمیه، و دادن نتیجه‌ی روشنی از اندازه‌ی رسوب مهارشده و تقویت پوشش گیاهی آبگیرهای پشت سازه ها است. ارزیابی میدانی سازه های آبخیزداری نشان داد که از دهه‌ی 1370 به‌بعد در مجموع 652 سازه‌ی تور-سنگی، 20 سازه‌ی سنگی-ملاتی، 533 سازه‌ی خشکه چین، و 15 بندخاکی ساخته شده است. سازه های سنگیملاتی بیش‌ترین پایداری و کم‌ترین نیاز به بازسازی (92%) داشت. 80% از سازه های تور-سنگی و 83% از سازه های خشکه چین در این آبخیزها سالم بود. بررسی رسوب‌گذاری در آبگیرهای پشت سازه های آبخیزداری در منطقه نشان داد که در مجموع 332100 مترمکعب رسوب در سازه ها ته‌نشین و تثبیت، و از برده‌شدن آن به منطقه‌های مسکونی روستایی و شهری جلوگیری شده‌است. از این اندازه 45960 مترمکعب در بندهای خاکی و 286140 مترمکعب در سازه های سنگی ملاتی، تور-سنگی و خشکه چین ته‌نشین شده‌است. شاخص حجم رسوب به حجم سازه در سازه های تور-سنگی، سنگی ملاتی، و خشکه چین به‌ترتیب 4/4، 15/3 و 1 بود. ارزیابی بخش توسعه ی پوشش گیاهی و درختی آبگیرهای پشت سازه های آبخیزداری نشان داد که در آبگیرهای پشت سازه های تور-سنگی 4880 نهال (97% از کل نهال های پشت سازه ها) رشد کرد و گسترش یافت. پیشنهاد می شود سازه های تور-سنگی برای جلوگیری از تخریب‌شدن در بسترهای غیرسنگی و با روکش سنگی ملاتی ساخته شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبخیزداری؛ سازه ی سنگی-ملاتی؛ سازه ی تور-سنگی؛ سازه ی خشکه چین؛ البرز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the Watershed Management Structures in Sediment Deposition in Khor-Sefidarak, Fashand and Azimiyeh Watersheds of Alborz Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Kazemzadeh1؛ Zahra Noori1؛ Mohammad Jahantigh2؛ Asghar Bayat3؛ Salma Saedi Farkoush4 | ||
| 1Graduate of Ph.D. in Watershed Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Graduate of Master of Science in soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran | ||
| 3Graduate of Master of Science in Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 4Graduate of Master of Science in Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University of Kermanshah | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the watershed management operations by using the quantitative values obtained from the field survey in Khor-Sefidarak, Fashand, and Azimiyeh watersheds, and indicating a clear result of deposited sedimentation rate and vegetation improvement in reservoir tank of the structures. Field evaluation of watershed management structures showed that since 1991, a total of 652 gabion structures, 20 masonry structures, 533 small stone structures, and 15 embankment dams have been implemented in Khor-Sefidarak, Fashand, and Azimiyeh watersheds of Alborz province. A study of the stability of the structures showed that masonry structures had the most stability with the least need for restoration (92% of them). Also, 80% of gabion structures and 83% of small stone structures in the studied watersheds were stable. The study of sediment deposition in reservoirs tanks of structures in the study area showed that a total of 332,100 m3 of sediment has been deposited and stabilized by the structures and has prevented its transferring to rural and urban residential areas. Of this amount, 45960 m3 have been deposited by embankment dams and 286140 m3 by masonry structures, gabion and small stone structures. Sediment volume to structure volume index showed that it was 4.4, 15.3, and 1 for gabion, masonry, and small stone structures, respectively. Evaluation of vegetation and tree cover development of whining reservoirs tanks of watershed structures showed that 4880 trees and seedlings (97% of all them) have been grown and developed in the reservoirs of gabion structures. If the gabion structures are constructed, it is suggested that they be constructed in non-stone beds, and cement cover be used to prevent their destruction. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Alborz, gabion structure, masonry structure, small stone structure, watershed management | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abedini M, Said MAM, Ahmad F. 2012. Effectiveness of check dam to control soil erosion in a tropical catchment (The Ulu Kinta Basin). Catena, 97:63–70. Addisu S, Mekonnen M. 2019. Check dams and storages beyond trapping sediment, carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation, Northwest Ethiopia. Geoenvironmental Disasters, 6(4): 1–8. Ahmadi H, Nazari Samani AA, Ghoddousi J, Ekhtesasi MR. 2004. A model for evaluation of watershed management projects. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 46 (4): 337–349. (In Persian). Bagherian Kalat A, Ghoddousi J, Rangavar A. 2005. Introduction a method for evaluating the performance of watershed management operations: A case study in Kakhk-Gonabad Watershed. The Second National Conference on Watershed Management and Soil and Water Resources Management, Kerman, pp. 241–248. (In Persian). Bagherian Kalat A, Lashkaripour GR, Gafoori M. 2021. Evaluating the impacts of implemented watershed management project on vegetal cover and sediment Yyield in Kakhk Watershed project. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 23(7): 50–63. (In Persian). Baniasadi M, Hajsedalikhani N. 2018. Assessment of watershed management projects on flood mitigation in Baft Province (Dare Morid Catchment). Irrigation and Water Engineering, 8(2): 211–226. (In Persian). Bombino G, Gurnell AM, Tamburino V, Zema DA, Zimbone SM. 2009. Adjustments in channel form, sediment caliber and vegetation around check dams in the headwater reaches of mountain torrents, Calabria, Italy. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34(7): 1011–1021. Comiti F, Mao L, Lenzi MA, Siligardi M. 2009. Artificial steps to stabilize Mountain Rivers: A post-project ecological assessment. River Research and Applications, 25(5): 639–659. Dabiri S, Sofi M, Taleb Beydokhti N. 2013. Investigating the function of check dams on sediment control (Case study: Watersheds of Eghlid, Marvdasht & Mamasani Regions of Fars Province). Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 6 (3): 1–21. (In Persian). Dehdashti Zadeh M, Shojaee M. 2006. Effects of mechanical and biomechanical watershed management operations in flood control of B2 watershed (Zayande Rood Dam). 1th Regional Conference of Water Resource of Karoon and Zayande Rood (Opportunities and Challenges), Shahrekord University, Iran. 6 p. (In Persian). Heydari F, Saboohi R, Matin M. 2018. Investigation of stability of mechanical structures in Budjan Watershed in Dehaghan. Extension and Development of Watershed Management. 6(22): 19–30. (In Persian). Jafari A, Sarai Tabrizi M, Babazadeh H. 2021. Effects of watershed management practices in reducing the erosion and sedimentation (Case study: Alikandi Boukan Watershed). Applied Soil Research, 8(4): 57–68. Kazemzadeh M, Noori Z, Bayat A, Saedi Farkoush S, Elyasi A, Alipour H, Mansour Fallah A. 2021. An evaluation of the effect of natural and human factors on the linear and non-linear changes in vegetation using the landsat images of the Khor-Sefidarak Watershed, the Province of Alborz. Watershed Management Research Journal, 34(3): 95–114. (In Persian). Lucas-Borja, ME, Piton G, Yu Y, Castillo C, Zema DA. 2021. Check dams worldwide: Objectives, functions, effectiveness and undesired effects. Catena, 204: 1–14. Parvizi Y, Bayat R, Heshmati M, Gheituri M. 2018. Quantitative comparison of the effects of mechanical and biological watershed management operation on soil erosion and sediment yield control of Hajiabad Watershed in Kermanshah Province. Iran-Watershed Management Science & Engineering, 12 (42): 52–59. (In Persian). Pouresmaeel M, Salajegheh A, Malekian A, Keshtkar A. 2021. Investigating vulnerability of urban areas to flood using TOPSIS method (Case study: Azimiyeh, Karaj). Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 74(1): 23–36. (In Persian). Rahimi I, Seyedian SM, Rouhani H, Ahmadi R. 2019. Check dam suitable locations for erosion control using hierarchical analysis process. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Erosion Research, 9(33): 1–26. (In Persian). Ren M, He X, Kan G, Wang F, Zhang H, Li H., ... , Zhang Z. 2017. A comparison of flood control standards for reservoir engineering for different countries. Water, 9(3): 2–13. Roghani M, Tabatabai SM, Shadfar P. 2010. Evaluation of the watershed management operations and introducing a method in determining flood control structures. Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering. 4 (13): 51–60. (In Persian). Shrestha BB, Kawasaki A. 2020. Quantitative assessment of flood risk with evaluation of the effectiveness of dam operation for flood control: A case of the Bago River Basin of Myanmar. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50 (4):1–15. Sokoti Oskoei R. 2007. Evaluation of the effects of watershed management operations on soil erosion and sediment yield, case study Emam kandi Watershed, west Azarbayejan. 9th Irrigation and Evaporation Seminar, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. 7 p. (In Persian). Teimurian T, Feiznia S, Seyyedalikhani SD. 2018. The impact of watershed rehabilitation measures on the flow and sediment characteristics of the Fashand Catchment, Hashtgerd. Watershed Management Research, 1 (118): 13–22. (In Persian). Vaezi AR, Rostami K, Sadeghi SHR. 2020. Investigation on the effectiveness of gabion check dams in amount and grain size of sedimentation in the Rezin watershed, west of Iran. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 27(5): 201–216. (In Persian). Verstraeten G, Rompaey AV, Poesen J, Oost KV, Govers G. 2003. Evaluating the impact of watershed management scenarios on changes in sediment delivery to rivers?: In The Interactions between Sediments and Water. Hydrobiologia, 494 (1–3): 153–158. Zhang Z, Chai J, Li Z, Chen L, Yu K, Yang Z, Zhang X, Zhao Y. 2022. Effect of check dam on sediment load under vegetation restoration in the Hekou-Longmen Region of the Yellow River. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 713(9): 1–12. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 672 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 912 |
||