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اثر کود کامل NPK، بوتامیسول و اسید هیومیک بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و اسانس سه گونه از جنس آویشن (Thymus spp.) تحت تنش خشکی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 38، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 112، تیر 1401، صفحه 301-321 اصل مقاله (1.54 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2022.357303.3119 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| مهراب یادگاری* | ||
| دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی ادویه‌ای و عطری، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به نقش ارزنده گیاه آویشن در صنایع داروسازی و غذایی کشور، در این تحقیق اثرگذاری کودهای کامل NPK، بوتامیسول و اسید هیومیک بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس سه گونه آویشن کوهی (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss)، آویشن باغی (T. vulgaris L.) و آویشن دنایی (T. daenensis Celark) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی مطالعه گردید. این تحقیق در سه آزمایش جداگانه به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1399-1400 در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد انجام شد. محلول‌پاشی دو بار با فاصله زمانی سه هفته بعد از مرحله 10 برگی شدن گیاه انجام شد. 24 تیمار آزمایشی شامل عدم استفاده (A1) و استفاده (A2) از NPK، عدم استفاده (B1) و استفاده (B2) از اسید هیومیک، عدم استفاده (C1) و استفاده (C2) از بوتامیسول در شرایط تنش خشکی در سه سطح ظرفیت مزرعه (D1)، 50% (D2) و 75% تخلیه رطوبتی (D3) بودند. بالاترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته (1.1±44.5 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد شاخه اصلی (1.5±26.4)، وزن بوته خشک (0.99±40.5 گرم در مترمربع)، کلروفیل کل (0.1±1.55 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و lpj,d اسانس (0.1±1.88%) توسط تیمار A2B2C2D1 در آویشن کوهی بدست آمد. تیمار A2B2C2D3 (استفاده از هر سه نوع کود با وجود تنش خشکی شدید) بیشترین محتوی پرولین (0.2±13.9 میکروگرم در گرم وزن تر) و کمترین میزان اسانس (0.1±0.79%) را در آویشن دنایی تولید کرد. ترکیب‌های غالب اسانس در گونه T. kotschyanus تیمول و کارواکرول، در گونه T. vulgaris، تیمول، گاما-ترپینن، پارا-سیمن و لینالول و در گونه T. daenensis، تیمول، کارواکرول، پارا-سیمن، بتا-کاریوفیلن، آلفا-پینن و میرسن بودند. بهره‌مندی بیشتر از مواد مغذی و تنش در حداقل ممکن به‌همراه آب و هوای معتدل منطقه مورد تحقیق، منجر به معرفی آویشن کوهی به‌عنوان گونه شاخص در این زمینه شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Thymus kotschyanus Boiss؛ اسانس؛ تیمول؛ کارواکرول | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of NPK complete fertilizer, botamisol, and humic acid on morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil in three Thymus species under drought stress conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Yadegari | ||
| Spicy and Aromatic Plants Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Due to the valuable role of thyme in the pharmaceutical and food industries of Iran, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of NPK complete fertilizers, butamisol, and humic acid on the morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil of three species of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss, T. vulgaris L., and T. daenensis Celark under drought stress conditions. This research was performed in three separate factorial experiments as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Branch of Shahrekord in the 2021-2022 crop year. Foliar application was done twice with an interval of three weeks after the 10-leaf stage of the plant. Twenty-four experimental treatments included the non-use (A1) and use (A2) of NPK, non-use (B1) and use (B2) of humic acid, non-use (C1) and use (C2) of botamisol under drought stress conditions at three levels of field capacity (D1), 50% (D2), and 75% (D3) loss of gravitational water. The highest amounts of plant height (44.5±1.1 cm), number of main branches (26.4±1.5), plant dry weight (40.5±0.99 g.m-2), total chlorophyll (1.55±0.1 mg.g-1 fresh weight (FW)), and essential oil content (1.88±0.03%) were obtained in the A2B2C2D1 treatment in T. kotschyanus. The A2B2C2D3 treatment resulted in the highest proline content (13.9±0.2 µg.g-1 FW) and lowest essential oil content (0.79±0.1 %) in T. daenensis. Thymol and carvacrol in T. kotschyanus, thymol, ɣ-terpinene, p-cymene, and linalool in T. vulgaris, and thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, β-caryophylene, α-pinene, and myrcene in T. daenensis were identified as the major essential oil compounds. More nutrient utilization and stress in the least possible along with the temperate climate of the study area led to the introduction of T. kotschyanus as an indicator species in this field. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| T. kotschyanus Boiss, essential oil, thymol, carvacrol | ||
| مراجع | ||
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