This research was carried out to evaluate the possibility of using native plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for improvement of nutrition and growth of pistachio seedling under drought stress condition. Hence, a greenhouse experiment was performed as factorial arrangement on the basis of completely randomized design (CRD) including seven bacterial treatments and three drought stress levels with four replications. Bacterial treatments included control (T1), inoculation with two IAA producing isolates (T2), one ACC-deaminase producing isolate (T3), two isolates with high phosphate solubilizing potential (T4), four isolates with high siderophore producing potential (T5), mixture of Acc-deaminase and IAA producing isolates (T6) and mixture of all isolates (T7). Drought stress levels included D0, D1, and D2 by using 80%, 50%, and 20 % of available water, respectively. The mean of shoot and root dry matter, total leaf area and number, plant height and root volume significantly decreased by drought stress. Considering the results of means comparison, the maximum shoot weight, plant height, total leaf area and number was obtained in plant inoculated with ACC deaminase producing bacteria (T3), while the minimum was observed in plants with no inoculation (T1). The mixture of ACC deaminase and IAA producing bacteria (T6) had statically similar effects to ACC deaminase producing bacteria in severe drought stress. T3 treatment had the most significant effect on all root parameters under severe drought level. Drought stress resulted in significant increase in concentration and significant decrease in uptake of P, Fe, and Zn by plant. The highest concentration and phosphorus uptake by plants were, respectively, related to T6 and T3 and the minimum belonged to the control (T1). These results suggested that plant inoculation with IAA (T2) and/or ACC deaminase producing bacteria and the mixture of these bacteria could improve certain growth indices in drought stress conditions. |
- سر چشمه پور، م. 1388. بررسی پتانسیل کاربرد جدایهها برتر باکتریهای ریزوسفری محرک رشد (PGPR) درختان پسته برای بهبود تغذیه و رشد دانهال در شرایط تنش شوری و خشکی. رساله دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران ،201 صفحه
- سرچشمه پور، م.، غ. ثواقبی، ن. صالح راستین، ح.ع. علیخانی و ا.ع. پوربابائی. 1388 . جداسازی، غربالگری، شناسایی نسبی و تعیین تحمل به تنش شوری و خشکی جدایههای برتر باکتریهای ریزوسفری محرک رشد (PGPR) درختان پسته. مجله تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران، دوره 40 ، ش. 2، 190-177.
- Bacili, M., H. Rodriguez, and M. Moreno. 2004. Mitigation of salt stress in wheat seedlings by a gfp-tagged Azospirillum lipoferum. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 40(3): 188-193.
- Bertamini, M., L. Zulini, K. Muthuchelian, and N. Nedunchezhian. 2006. effect of water deficit on photosynthetic and other physiological responses in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling) plants. Photosynthetica. 44(1): 151-154.
- Bonaterra, A., L. Ruz, E. Badosa, J. Pinochet, and Montesinos. 2003. Growth promotion of Prunus rootstocks by root treatment with specific bacterial strains. Plant Soil. 255: 555-569.
- Cottenie, A. 1980. Soil and plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendation. FAO Soils Bulletin, No. 38/2.
- Fagaria, N.K. 2005. Soil fertility and plant nutrition research under controlled conditions: basic principle and methodology. J. plant Nutr., 28(11): 1975-1999.
- Fernandz, L.A., P. Zalba, M.A. Gomez, and M.A. Sargardoy. 2007. Phosphate- solubilization activity of bacterial strains in soil and their effect on soybean growth under greenhouse conditions. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 43(6): 805-809.
- German, M.A., S. Burdman, and Y. Okon. 2000. Effect of Azospirillum brasilense on root morphology of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different water regims. Biol Fertil Soils, 32: 259-264.
- Ghosh, S., J.N. Penterman, R.D. Little, R. Chavez, and B.R. Glick. 2003. Three newly isolated plant growth- promoting bacilli facilitate the growth of canola seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 41: 277- 281.
- Glick, B.R., Z. Cheng, and J. Czarny. 2007. Promoting of plant growth by ACC deaminase – producing soil bacteria. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 119: 329-339.
- Goldhamer, D.A., 1992. Drought Tips: managing irrigation in fruit and Nut trees during drought.. UC, Davis, Department of water resource, publication series, No.92-09, 1-5.
- Goldhamer, D.A. 1995. Irrigation management. In: Ferguson, L.; Pistachio Production (ed), pp. 71-81.
- Goldhamer, D.A., R.H. Beede, T.J. Michailides, M. Salinas, and M.A. Doster. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on splitting and nut quality at harvest (second year report). Annual report crop year 2004-2005.
- Hontzeas, N., S.S. Saleh, and B.R. Glick. 2004. Changes in gen expression in Canola roots induced by ACC deaminase containing PGPR. The Am. Phytopathol. Soc., MPMI, 17(8): 865-871.
- Kanber, R., A. Yazar, S. Onder, and H. Koksal.1993. Irrigation response of pistachio. Irrigation science, 14(1):7-14.
- Karlidag, H., A. Esitken, M. Turan, and F. Sahin. 2007. Effects of root inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient elements contents of leaves of apple. Scientia Horticulture, 114: 16-20.
- Madhaiyan, M., S. Poonguzhali, J. Ryu, and T. Sa. 2006. Regulation of ethylene levels in Canola (Brassica campestris) by 1- aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-containing Methylobacterium fujisawaense. Planta, 224: 268-278.
- Mayak, S., T. Tirosh, and B.R. Glick. 2004a. Plant growth-promoting bacteria confer resistance to water stress in tomatoes and pepers. Plant Science. 66: 525-530.
- Monastra, F., D. Avanzato, S. Martelli, and R. Dascanio.1994. Pistachio trial under different volume of irrigation in Italy. Acta Horticulturae, 419: 249-252 (First int. symp. Pis.).
- Patten, C.L., and B.R. Glick. 2002. Role of Pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Appl. and Env. Microbiol., P.,3795-3801.
- Phene, R.C., J.J.R. Menezes, D.A. Goldhamer, J. Aitkens, R.H. Beede, and Kjelgren.1985. Irrigation scheduling of drip irrigated pistachios. Drip/trickle irrigation in action. 2 :805-810.
- Rincon, A., F. Valladares, T.E. Gimeno, and J.J. Pueyo. 2008. Water stress response of two mediterranean tree species influenced by native soil microorganisms and inocolation with a plant growth promoying rhizobacterium. Tree Physiology, 28: 1693 – 1701.
- Saadatmand, A.R, Z. Banihashemi, M Maftoun, and A.R. Sepaskhah. 2007. Interactive Effect of Soil Salinity and Water Stress on Growth and Chemical Compositions of Pistachio Nut Tree. plant Nut, 30(12) 2037-2050.
- Saleem, M., M. Arshad, S. Hussain, and A.S. Bhatti. 2007. Perspective of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC deaminase in stress agriculture. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 34: 635-648.
- Sepaskhah, A.R., andM. 1981. Growth and chemical composition of pistachio cultivars as influenced by irrigation regimes and salinity levels of irrigation water. I. Growth. J. Hort. Sci., 56(4): 277-284.
- shaharoona, B., M. Arshad, Z.A. Zahir, and A. Khalid. 2006. Performance of Pseudomonas spp. Containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer. Soil Biol. & Biochem. 38: 2971- 2975.
- Songsri, P., S. Jogloy, C.C. Holbrook, T. Kesmala, and N. Vorasoot. 2009. Association of root, specific leaf area and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading to water use efficiency of Peanut under different available soil water. Agricultural Water Management. 96: 790-798.
- Tajabadi pour, A., A.R. Sepaskhah, and M. Maftoun. 2005. Plant water relations and seedling growth of three Pistachio cultivars as influenced by irrigation frequency and applied potassium. J. Plant Nut., 28: 1413-1425.
- Timmusk, S. and E.G.H. 1999. The PGPR Paenibacillus polymyxa induces changes in Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression: a possible connection between biotic and abiotic stress responses. The Am. Phytopathol. Soc., MPMI, 12(11): 951-959.
|