| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,005 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,631 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,472,377 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 29,932,325 |
اثر آتشسوزی بر کیفیت رواناب در حوضه‌های آبخیز جنگلی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل آموزشی خیرود) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 29، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 86، دی 1400، صفحه 402-411 اصل مقاله (249.09 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2022.356906.2031 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسن سام دلیری* 1؛ مقداد جورغلامی2؛ علی سلاجقه3؛ عبدی احسان4؛ یحیی کوچ5 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول، دانش‌‌آموخته دکتری مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استاد گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 5استادیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آتشسوزی جنگل می‌‌تواند اثرات بسیاری بر کیفیت آب به‌‌ویژه در حوضه‌های تأمین‌کننده آب آشامیدنی داشته باشد. بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر آتشسوزی تجویزی با شدتهای کم، متوسط و زیاد بر کیفیت رواناب در جنگل آموزشی و پژوهشی خیرود، 12 قطعه‌‌نمونه استقرار یافت. در اولین رخداد بارش پس از آتشسوزی و نیز شش و 12 ماه پس‌ازآن، نمونه‌‌های رواناب جمع‌‌آوری و به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. مشخصه‌‌های کیفی رواناب مورد بررسی شامل pH، هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، کل مواد جامد معلق (TSS)، کل مواد جامد محلول (TDS) و سختی کل (TH) بودند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، همه مشخصه‌‌های مذکور پس از آتشسوزی نسبت به شاهد، افزایش نشان دادند، اما اختلاف بین آن‌ها معنی‌‌دار نبود. بیشترین مقدار این مشخصه‌‌ها در آتشسوزی با شدت زیاد مشاهده شد، اما با گذشت زمان از آتشسوزی، آن‌ها روند کاهشی داشتند. فاصله از زمان وقوع آتشسوزی فقط بر TSS و TH، اثر معنی‌‌دار داشت. TSS و pH بهترتیب پس از شش ماه و یک سال در شدتهای آتشسوزی کم و متوسط به‌مقدار شاهد رسیدند. TDS بلافاصله در اولین رخداد بارش در قطعه‌نمونه‌های شاهد و تیمارهای آتشسوزی با شدتهای کم، متوسط و زیاد بهترتیب 22، 46، 53 و 78 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر به‌دست آمد. مقدار این مشخصه در تیمارهای مذکور پس از گذشت یک سال از آتشسوزی بهترتیب به 25، 36، 41 و 44 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر رسید. به‌طورکلی، آتشسوزی سبب تغییر در مقدار مشخصه‌‌های کیفی رواناب، هدررفت عناصر و افت حاصلخیزی خاک می‌‌شود. بهمنظور کاهش تخریب خاک، اقدامات مدیریتی خاک جنگل پس از آتشسوزی ضروری است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بارش؛ شدت آتشسوزی؛ کل مواد محلول؛ کل مواد معلق؛ هدررفت عناصر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of fire on runoff quality in forest watersheds (Case study: Kheyrud educational and research forest) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| H. Samdaliri1؛ M. Jourgholami2؛ A. Salajegheh3؛ Ehsan Abdi4؛ Y. Kooch5 | ||
| 1Corresponding author, Ph.D. Graduated of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Prof., Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 5Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Forest fires can have a significant impact on water quality, especially in basins that provide drinking water. To investigate the effects of low, medium and high intensities of prescribed fire on runoff quality, 12 runoff plots were established in Kheyrud educational and research forest, north of Iran. In the first rainfall event after fire, six and 12 months after the fire, runoff samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory. Qualitative characteristics of the runoff were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total soluble solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH). The results showed that all the quality characteristics of the runoff after the fire increased compared to the control plots, but the differences among them were not significant. Most of these characteristics were in the high fire intensity, but as time passed after the fire, they had had a declining trend. The time elapsed after the fire had a significant effect only on TSS and TH. TSS values after six months and pH values after one year at low and medium fire intensities reached the level of control plots. TDS values immediately in the first event of precipitation in control, low, medium and high intensities were 22, 46, 53 and 78 mg/l, respectively. After one year, the values were 25, 36, 41 and 44 mg, respectively. Fire causes changes in the quality characteristics of runoff, element loss and reduced soil fertility. In order to reduce soil degradation, forest soil management measures after fire are necessary. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Element loss, fire intensity, precipitation, total soluble material, total suspended matter | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abraham, J., Dowling, K. and Florentine, S., 2017. Risk of post-fire metal mobilization into surface water resources: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 599-600: 1740-1755. - Bladon, K. and Redding, T.E., 2008. Wildfire and watershed hydrology: key findings from a workshop. Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin, 13(1): 1-4 - Carignan, R., D’Arcy, P. and Lamontagne, S., 2000. Comparative impacts of fire and forest harvesting on water quality in Boreal Shield lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57(2): 105-117. - Drewry, J.J., Newham, L.T.H., Greene, R.S.B., Jakeman, A.J. and Croke, B.F.W., 2006. A review of nitrogen and phosphorus export to waterways: Context for catchment modelling. Marine and Freshwater Research, 58: 757-774. - Emelko, M.B., Stone, M., Silins, U., Allin, D., Collins, A.L., Williams, C.H.S., ... and Bladon, K.D., 2016. Sediment-phosphorus dynamics can shift aquatic ecology and cause downstream legacy effects after wildfire in large river systems. Global Change Biology, 22(3): 1168-1184. - Feikema, P.M., Sheridan, G.J., Argent, R.M., Lane, P.N.J. and Grayson, R.B., 2011. Estimating catchment-scale impacts of wildfire on sediment and nutrient loads using the E2 catchment modelling framework. Environmental Modelling and Software, 26(7): 913-928. - Ferreira, R.V., Serpa, D., Cerqueira, M.A. and Keizer, J.J., 2016. Short-time phosphorus losses by overland flow in burnt pine and eucalypt plantations in north-central Portugal: a study at micro-plot scale. Science of the Total Environment, 551-552: 631-639. - Gallaher, B., Koch, R. and Mullen, K., 2002. Quality of storm water runoff at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2000 with emphasis on the impact of the Cerro Grande Fire. Los Alamos National Laboratory LA-13926, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 166p. - Granged, A.J.P., Zavala, L.M., Jordán, A. and Bárcenas-Moreno, G., 2011. Post-fire evolution of soil properties and vegetation cover in a Mediterranean heathland after experimental burning: A 3-year study. Geoderma, 164(1-2): 85-94. - Hosseini, M., Geissen, V., González-Pelayo, O., Serpa, D., Machado, A.I., Ritsema, C. and Keizer, J.J., 2017. Effects of fire occurrence and recurrence on nitrogen and phosphorus losses by overland flow in maritime pine plantations in north-central Portugal. Geoderma, 289: 97-106. - Johansen, M.P., Hakonson, T.E., Whicker, F.W. and Breshears, D.D., 2003. Pulsed redistribution of a contaminant following forest fire: Cesium-137 in runoff. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32(6): 2150-2157. - Jourgholami, M., Fathi, K. and Labelle, E.R., 2018. Effects of foliage and traffic intensity on runoff and sediment in skid trails after trafficking in a deciduous forest. European Journal of Forest Research, 137: 223-235. - Landsberg, J.D. and Tiedemann, A.R., 2000. Chapter 12. Fire management. In: Dissmeyer, G.E. (Ed.). Drinking water from forests and grasslands: A synthesis of the scientific literature. SRS-GTR-039. Asheville, NC. USDA Forest Service. Southern Research Station. 124-138. - Lathrop, R.G., Jr., 1994. Impacts of the 1988 wildfires on the water quality of Yellowstone and Lewis Lakes, Wyoming. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 4(3): 169-175. - Lessels, J.S. and Bishop, T.F.A., 2015. A simulation based approach to quantify the difference between event-based and routine water quality monitoring schemes. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 4(B): 439-451. - Malmon, D.V., Reneau, S.L., Katzman, D., Lavine, A. and Lyman, J., 2007. Suspended sediment transport in an ephemeral stream following wildfire. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112: F02006. - Moore, D., Winkler, R., Carlyle-Moses, D., Spittlehouse, D., Giles, T., Phillips, J., … and Redding, T., 2008. Watershed response to the McLure forest fire: presentation summaries from the Fishtrap Creek workshop, March 2008. Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin, 12(1): 1-10. - Moore, P.F., 2019. Global wildland fire management research needs. Current Forestry Reports, 5(4): 210-225. - Neary, D.G., Ryan, K.C. and DeBano, L.F., 2005. Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on soils and water. General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-42-vol.4. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah, 250p. - Pike, R.G., Feller, M.C., Stednick, J.D., Rieberger, K.J. and Carver, M., 2010. Water quality and forest management: 401-440. In: Pike, R.G., Redding, T.E., Moore, R.D., Winker, R.D. and Bladon, K.D. (Eds.). Compendium of Forest Hydrology and Geomorphology in British Columbia, Volume 2 of 2. Ministry of Forests and Range, Forest Science Program, Victoria, B.C. and FORREX Forum for Research and Extension in Natural Resources, Kamloops, British Columbia, 456p. - Poirier, V., Paré, D., Boiffin, J. and Munson, A.D., 2014. Combined influence of fire and salvage logging on carbon and nitrogen storage in boreal forest soil profiles. Forest Ecology and Management, 326: 133-141. - Samdaliri, H., Jourgholami, M., Salajegheh, A., Abdi, E. and Kooch, Y., 2021. The effect of forest fires on the dynamics of some soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics over time. Iranian Journal of Forest, 13(2): 129-140 (In Persian). - Serpa, D., Ferreira, R.V., Machado, A.I., Cerqueira, M.A. and Keizer, J.J., 2020. Mid-term post-fire losses of nitrogen and phosphorus by overland flow in two contrasting eucalypt stands in north-central Portugal. Science of the Total Environment, 705: 135843. - Sheridan, G.J., Lane, P.N.J. and Noske, P.J., 2007. Quantification of hillslope runoff and erosion processes before and after wildfire in a wet eucalyptus forest. Journal of Hydrology, 343(1-2): 12-28. - Smith, H.G., Sheridan, G.J., Lane, P.N.J., Nyman, P. and Haydon, S., 2011. Wildfire effects on water quality in forest catchments: A review with implications for water supply. Journal of Hydrology, 396(1-2): 170-192. - Yu, M., Bishop, T.F.A. and Ogtrop, F.F.V., 2019. Assessment of the decadal impact of wildfire on water quality in forested catchments. Water, 11(3): 533. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 755 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 358 |
||