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اثر کاربرد کود زیستی مایکوروت بر کمّیت و کیفیت اسانس Thymus vulgaris L. در کشت مخلوط با Cicer arietinum L. | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 38، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 112، تیر 1401، صفحه 218-239 اصل مقاله (1.05 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2022.356575.3088 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدیه احمدوند1؛ عبدالله جوانمرد* 2؛ محمد حقانی نیا3؛ محمدرضا مرشدلو4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکترای اگروتکنولوژی- اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سیستم‌های کشت مخلوط و کاربرد کودهای زیستی نقش بسزایی در بهبود کمّیت و کیفیت محصولات دارند. در این راستا، پژوهشی برای ارزیابی اثر کود زیستی مایکوروت بر صفات کمّی و کیفی آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) در کشت مخلوط با نخود زراعی (Cicer arietinum L.)، به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال زراعی 1399 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کشت خالص آویشن، کشت خالص آویشن تلقیح شده با قارچ، کشت خالص نخود، کشت خالص نخود تلقیح شده با قارچ، کشت مخلوط یک ردیف نخود + یک ردیف آویشن (1:1)، الگوی کشت 1:1 تلقیح شده با قارچ، کشت دو ردیف نخود + یک ردیف آویشن (2:1) و الگوی کشت 2:1 تلقیح شده با قارچ بودند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (751.4 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (1645.6 کیلوگرم در هکتار) نخود در کشت خالص نخود با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا حاصل شد که تفاوت معنی‌داری با تیمار 2:1 با مصرف میکوریزا نداشت. علاوه‌براین، بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک آویشن (189.47 گرم در مترمربع) نیز به کشت خالص با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا تعلق داشت. همچنین، بیشترین درصد (1.69%) و عملکرد اسانس (3.31 گرم در مترمربع) در الگوی کشت مخلوط 1:1 تلقیح شده با قارچ میکوریزا در چین اول بدست آمد. براساس آنالیز شیمیایی اسانس تیمول، گاما-ترپینن و پارا-سیمن ترکیب‌های غالب اسانس بودند. بیشترین درصد تیمول و گاما-ترپینن در الگوی کشت مخلوط 1:1 تلقیح شده با میکوریزا حاصل شد. همچنین بیشترین مقادیر شاخص‌های زراعی (نسبت برابری زمین، نسبت برابر سطح زیرکشت و زمان، نسبت برابر سطح برداشت و کارایی استفاده از زمین) و شاخص‌های اقتصادی (سودمندی کشت، سودمندی اقتصادی کشت مخلوط و شاخص بهره‌وری سیستم) به‌ترتیب در الگوهای کشت 2:1 و 1:1 همراه با کاربرد کود زیستی مایکوروت بدست آمد. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که کود زیستی مایکوروت در کشت مخلوط به‌ویژه در الگوی کشت 1:1 به بهبود کمّیت و کیفیت اسانس آویشن باغی منجر شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تیمول؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کود زیستی؛ درصد اسانس؛ عملکرد دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Myco-Root biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil in intercropping with Cicer arietinum L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Ahmadvand1؛ A. Javanmard2؛ M. Haghaninia3؛ M.R. Morshedloo4 | ||
| 1- M.Sc. student of Agroecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. student of Agrotechnology-Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Intercropping systems and biofertilizers application play an important role in improving the quantity and quality of plant products. In this regard, to evaluate the effects of Myco-Root biofertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative traits of Thymus vulgaris L. in intercropping with Cicer arietinum L., an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2020 growing season. Treatments included thyme sole culture, thyme sole culture inoculated with Myco-Root, chickpea sole culture, chickpea sole culture inoculated with Myco-Root, intercropping of one row chickpea+one row thyme (1:1), planting pattern of 1:1 inoculated with Myco-Root, intercropping of two rows chickpea+one row thyme (2:1), and planting pattern of 2:1 inoculated with Myco-Root. The results demonstrated that the highest seed (751.40 kg.ha-1) and biological (1645.6 kg.ha-1) yields of chickpea were obtained in the chickpea monoculture inoculated with Myco-Root, which was not significantly different from planting pattern of 2:1 inoculated with Myco-Root. Moreover, the highest dry matter yield of thyme (189.47 g.m-2) was achieved in the sole culture with application of mycorrhizal fungus. Also, the highest percentage (1.69) and essential oil yield (3.31 g.m-2) of thyme was obtained in planting pattern of 1:1 with application of mycorrhizal fungus in first harvest. Thymol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene were recognized as the main essential oil compounds. The highest percentage of thymol and γ-terpinene was obtained in planting pattern of 1:1 inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus. Also, the highest agronomical (land equivalent ratio, area harvest equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio, and land use efficiency) and economic (intercropping advantage, monetary advantage index, and system productivity index) indices were achieved in the intercropping ratio of 2:1 and 1:1 with application of Myco-Root biofertilizer, respectively. In general, the results showed that the Myco-Root biofertilizer application in intercropping, especially the planting pattern of 1:1, could improve the quantity and quality of thyme essential oil. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Thymol, sustainable agriculture, biofertilizer, essential oil percentage, seed yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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