| Although P. aeruginosa is an environmental organism, it is infrequently found on the skin, mucous membranes, and in the feces of some healthy animals (wild, companion, or farm animals). P. aeruginosa produces a variety of toxins and enzymes which promote tissue invasion and damage. P. aeruginosa demonstrated resistance to several antimicrobial agents. It is of significant importance in both animal and human medicine. The present study aimed to isolate and diagnose P. aeruginosa isolates from some ruminants, cow and sheep, from different regions of Basrah, Iraq. A total of 200 samples were taken from infected and healthy ruminants, as well as the environment surrounding the animal in Basrah, Iraq. The identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed by conventional and molecular methods using the 16SrRNA gene and aroE gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The recorded data pointed out that P. aeruginosa was successfully isolated from infected animals (cows and sheep) with total percentages of 46% and 22%, respectively. These percentages were obtained at 8% and 4% from healthy cows and sheep, respectively. The percentages of isolation of the environment surrounding cows and sheep were 40% and 32%, respectively. A higher percentage of infection was observed in the eye, skin, and wound swabs of cows. Healthy cows and sheep gave only three isolates of P. aeruginosa, while the environmental swabs recorded 18 isolates. Bacterial isolates were identified by culture methods and Vitek- 2. To confirm the diagnosis more accurately at the level of the species, the molecular confirmation was performed by PCR amplification of genus and species with 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results pointed out that all 10 selected isolates gave positive results, and the gene size was ≈ 1500 bp. New strains were recorded in GenBank/NCBI, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The isolates fall in three clads. Molecular confirmation of other isolates in this study (42 isolates) was carried out by PCR amplification of aroE gene. All PCR products of these isolates were amplified≈ 495 pb on agarose gel electrophoresis. |
- Mahon CR, Lehman DC, Manuselis G. Textbook of diagnostic microbiology-e-book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.
- Ruiz-Roldán L, Rojo-Bezares B, de Toro M, López M, Toledano P, Lozano C, et al. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas spp. among healthy animals: Concern about exolysin ExlA detection. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1-11.
- Colinon C, Jocktane D, Brothier E, Rossolini GM, Cournoyer B, Nazaret S. Genetic analyses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from healthy captive snakes: evidence of high inter‐and intrasite dissemination and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes. Environ Microbiol. 2010;12(3):716-29.
- Silby MW, Winstanley C, Godfrey SA, Levy SB, Jackson RW. Pseudomonas genomes: diverse and adaptable. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2011;35(4):652-80.
- Weese J. A review of multidrug resistant surgical site infections. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2008;21(01):1-7.
- Mac Faddin JF. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacterial. 1980.
- Eden PA, Schmidt TM, Blakemore RP, Pace NR. Phylogenetic analysis of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum using polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA-specific DNA. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 1991;41(2):324-5.
- Devereux R, Willis SG. Amplification of ribosomal RNA sequences. Molecular microbial ecology manual: Springer; 1995. p. 277-87.
- Behzadi P, Baráth Z, Gajdács M. It’s not easy being green: a narrative review on the microbiology, virulence and therapeutic prospects of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics. 2021;10(1):42.
- Haenni M, Hocquet D, Ponsin C, Cholley P, Guyeux C, Madec J-Y, et al. Population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from animal infections in France. BMC Vet Res. 2015;11(1):1-5.
- Jalil M, Al-Hmudi H, Al-Alsaad L, Abdul-Hussein Z. Isolation and characterization of bacterio phagesagainst multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with using the bacteriophage as a therpy in the mice model. Int J Dev Res. 2018;7:11519.
- Saleh W, Lafta M, Abdulrazaq A, Habib H, Naeem L. Bacteriological and histopathological evaluation of infectious lymphadenitis caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa in awasi sheep. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2019;7(5):378-82.
- Darweesh AO, Shareef AA, Alriyahee FAA. Isolation and Identification of Cellulytic Ruminant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa by Classical and Molecular Methods in Basrah Province. Ann Rom Soc Cell Biol. 2021:4672-80.
- Hossain M, Saha S, Rahman M, Singha J, Mamun A. Isolation, identification and antibiogram study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cattle in Bangladesh. J Vet Adv. 2013;3(7):180-5.
- Milivojevic D, Šumonja N, Medić S, Pavic A, Moric I, Vasiljevic B, et al. Biofilm-forming ability and infection potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from animals and humans. Pathog Dis. 2018;76(4):041.
- Noomi B. Detection of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in different animals by using bacteriological and molecular methods. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2019;32(2):205-10.
- Saha TK, Begum F, Kabir SL, Islam MS, Khan MSR. Characterization of bacterial isolates from skin lesions of sheep, goat and cattle in different rearing condition. Asian J Med Biol Res. 2019;5(2):117-25.
- Pereira F, Carneiro J, Matthiesen R, van Asch B, Pinto N, Gusmao L, et al. Identification of species by multiplex analysis of variable-length sequences. Nucleic Acids Re. 2010;38(22):203.
- Serrano I, De Vos D, Santos JP, Bilocq F, Leitão A, Tavares L, et al. Antimicrobial resistance and genomic rep-PCR fingerprints of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from animals on the background of the global population structure. BMC Vet Res. 2016;13(1):1-8.
- Abbas BA, Khudor MH, Saeed BM. Molecular detection of Bacillus cereus emetic toxin gene by PCR and determine its susceptibility against Punica granatum extracts. Basrah J Vet Res. 2012;11:79.
- Al-Ghanim AM, Abbas BA, editors. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen food using a specific inlB virulence gene. Journal of Physics: Conference Series; 2021: IOP Publishing.
- Khalid D, Abbas B. Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence factors of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from raw milk in Basrah, Iraq. Bulg J Vet Med. 2021;24(1).
- Khudor MH, Abbas BA, Saeed BM. Molecular detection of enterotoxin (Cyt K) gene and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus isolates from milk and milk products. Bas J Vet Res. 2012;11(1):164.
- Saeed BM, Abbas BA, Al-jadaan SA. Bacteriocin Production in Bacillus cereus Food Isolates with Molecular Detection of cerA gene. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2020;14(4):2277.
- Saeed BM, Abbas BA, Al-Jadaan SA, editors. Detection of Bacillus cereus genes responsible for diarrheal and emetic toxins. J Physic; 2021: IOP Publishing.
- Saeed ZK, Abbas BA, Othman RM. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of lactic acid bacteria isolated from goat raw milk. Iraq J Vet Sci. 2020;34(2):259-63.
|
