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تأثیر قارچ‌های میکوریزا آربوسکولار بر رشد و شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد اسانس Thymus vulgaris L. در شرایط تنش عنصر سنگین سرب | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 111، فروردین 1401، صفحه 114-132 اصل مقاله (962.7 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2022.352729.2904 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رویا رستمی1؛ بهروز اسماعیل پور* 2؛ سید احمد حسینی3؛ قباد سلیمی4؛ علیرضا اطمینان5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| 5دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثرات قارچ‌های میکوریز بر خصوصیات رشد، فیزیولوژی و عملکرد اسانس گیاه آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) در شرایط تنش سرب، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1397 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح مختلف فلز سنگین سرب (0، 200 و ppm400) و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا (بدون تلقیح، تلقیح با Funneliformis mosseae و Claroideoglomus etunicatum) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که در مقایسه با شاهد، با افزایش غلظت سرب در خاک ارتفاع گیاه (40.56%)، تعداد برگ (36.09)، درصد وزن خشک ساقه (43.50%)، درصد اسانس (40%) و ثبات غشای سلولی (16.14%) در گیاه به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند در حالی‌که میزان پرولین (51.72%) و فعالیت کاتالاز (45%) برگ افزایش یافتند. تلقیح گیاه آویشن با قارچ میکوریزا در افزایش شاخص‌های رویشی در حضور عنصر سنگین سرب مؤثر بود به‌طوری که هر دو گونه قارچ F. mosseae و C. etunicatum تعداد برگ را به‌ترتیب 66.20 و 9.55% نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. همچنین، تلقیح با قارچ F. mosseae در شرایط تنش شدید سرب (ppm400)، میزان پرولین برگ (11.49%)، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز (8.8%)، کلروفیل b (21%)، کلروفیل کل (70.43%)، کاروتنوئید (19.6%) و درصد اسانس (55%) را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. به‌طور کلی، هر دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا در رفع اثرات سمّیت سرب مؤثر بودند و F. mosseae از عملکرد بهتری به‌ویژه در مورد صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد اسانس برخوردار بود. با توجه به اثرات منفی عناصر سنگین در سلامت انسان، توصیه استفاده از قارچ‌های میکوریزی برای کاهش جذب فلزات سنگین در گیاهان باید با رعایت بیشتر همه جوانب ازجمله نوع گونه قارچ و گیاه و حجم و نوع آلودگی صورت گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنزیم؛ پرولین؛ رشد؛ سمّیت؛ صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth, biochemical characteristics, and essential oil yield of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under lead heavy metal stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| R. Rostami1؛ B. Esmaielpour2؛ S.A. Hosseini3؛ G. Salimi4؛ A. Etminan5 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 2Horticultural Science Department, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 5Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on growth characteristics, physiology, and essential oil yield of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under lead (Pb) stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (UMA) in 2018. Experimental treatments included different levels of Pb heavy metal (0, 200, and 400 ppm) and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi (without inoculation, inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum). The results showed that in comparison with the control, with increasing Pb concentration in the soil, plant height (40.56%), number of leaves (36.09%), stem dry weight (43.50%), essential oil percentage (40%), and cell membrane stability (16.14%) were significantly decreased, while proline content (51.72%) and catalase activity (45%) of the leaves increased. Inoculation of thyme with the mycorrhizal fungi was effective in increasing the vegetative indices in presence of Pb heavy metal so that both G. mosseae and G. etunicatum increased the number of leaves by 66.20 and 9.55% compared to the control, respectively. Also, inoculation with G. mosseae under severe Pb stress conditions (400 ppm) increased leaf proline content (11.49%), peroxidase enzyme activity (8.8%), chlorophyll b (21%), total chlorophyll (70.43%), carotenoids (19.6%), and essential oil percentage (55%) compared to the control. Overall, both mycorrhizal fungi were effective on alleviation of Pb toxicity effects and F. mosseae had better performance, especially in terms of morphological traits and essential oil yield. Due to the negative effects of heavy elements on human health, the recommendations to use mycorrhizal fungi to reduce the absorption of heavy metals in plants should be done with more consideration of all aspects including the plant and fungus species type and rate and pollution type. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Enzyme, proline, growth, pigment, toxicity, morphophysiological traits | ||
| مراجع | ||
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