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بررسی جنبه‌های کمّی، کیفی و اقتصادی کشت مخلوط سیر (Allium sativum L.) و شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) در سیستم‌های تغذیه آلی و شیمیایی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 111، فروردین 1401، صفحه 133-149 اصل مقاله (779.34 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2022.354814.3003 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یاسر اسماعیلیان* 1؛ عباس جلالی2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، خراسان رضوی، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترای اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97-1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گناباد اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل شاهد، کود شیمیایی (100، 120 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌ترتیب اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم) و ورمی‌کمپوست (10 تن در هکتار) و عامل فرعی شامل کشت مخلوط سیر (Allium sativum L.) و شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) با نسبت‌های 75:25، 50:50، 25:75 و 100:100 و کشت خالص دو گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد تعداد و طول سوخک در تیمار کود شیمیایی بیشترین افزایش را نشان دادند، هر چند اختلاف معنی‌داری بین این تیمار و ورمی‌کمپوست وجود نداشت. در حالی که تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست موجب بیشترین افزایش در قطر سوخک شد. بیشترین تعداد سوخک از کشت مخلوط 50:50 و طول و قطر سوخک از تیمار 25:75 بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و سوخ (به‌ترتیب 3867 و 2293 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از کشت خالص سیر و کود شیمیایی حاصل شد. بیشترین اسانس سیر از کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست (2.33%) و کشت مخلوط50:50 (2.36%) حاصل شد. ارتفاع بوته و تعداد غلاف در بوته شنبلیله در تیمار تغذیه شیمیایی بیشترین افزایش (به‌ترتیب 30% و 21%) را داشتند. همچنین، بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته شنبلیله از کشت مخلوط 25:75 بدست آمد. بالاترین عملکرد علوفه و دانه شنبلیله (به‌ترتیب 2057 و 682 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کشت خالص و کود شیمیایی مشاهده شد. عملکرد بیولوژیک شنبلیله در تیمارهای کود شیمیایی (2800 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و آلی (2733 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تحت کشت خالص بالاتر بود. بیشترین اسانس بذر شنبلیله از تیمار کود شیمیایی (1.16%) و کشت مخلوط 25:75 (1.12%) بدست آمد. الگوهای کشت مخلوط نسبت برابری زمین بیشتر از 1 حاصل کردند و بهترین حالت از نسبت 100:100 بدست آمد. سیر در تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بجز 100:100 نسبت به شنبلیله غالبیت داشت. سودمندی کشت مخلوط نیز به‌جز تیمار 100:100 بیشتر از 1 بود و بیشترین مزیت اقتصادی از کشت مخلوط 75:25 در شرایط تغذیه آلی بدست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| الگوی کشت؛ سودمندی اقتصادی؛ سیستم تغذیه؛ غالبیت؛ نسبت برابری زمین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of quantitative, qualitative, and economic aspects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) intercropping under organic and chemical nutrition systems | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Y. Esmaeilian1؛ A. Jalali2 | ||
| 1Department of Agriculture, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. student, Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Gonabad in the 2017-18 crop year. The main plot included control, chemical fertilizer (100, 120, and 150 kg.ha-1 urea, triple superphosphate, and potassium sulphate, respectively), and vermicompost (10 t.ha-1) and sub-plot consisted of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) intercropping in 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:100 proportions and sole cropping of two crops. The results showed that the highest number and bulblet length was obtained in the chemical fertilizer treatment, however there was no significant difference between this treatment and vermicompost. While, the vermicompost treatment resulted in the highest bulblet diameter. The highest bulblet number was obtained in the 50:50 intercropping treatment and the highest length and bulblet diameter was obtained in the 25:75 one. The highest biological yield and bulb yield (3867 and 2293 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the sole cropping of garlic and chemical fertilizer treatment. The highest garlic essential oil was obtained in the vermicompost (2.33%) and 50:50 intercropping (2.36%) treatments. The plant height and number of pods per plant in fenugreek had the highest increase (30 and 21%, respectively) in the chemical nutrition treatment. Also, the highest number of pods per plant was obtained in the 25:75 intercropping treatment. The highest forage and seed yield of fenugreek (2057 and 682 kg.ha-1, respectively) was observed in the sole cropping and chemical fertilizer treatment. The biological yield was higher in the chemical (2800 kg.ha-1) and organic (2733 kg.ha-1) fertilizer treatments under sole cropping. The highest essential oil of fenugreek seeds was observed in the chemical fertilizer (1.16%) and 75:25 intercropping (1.12%) treatments. The intercropping patterns recorded the land equivalent ratios above 1 and the best situation was obtained from 100:100 intercropping. Garlic was superior to fenugreek in the intercropping treatments except for 100:100 pattern. The intercropping advantage was greater than 1 except for the 100:100 treatment and the highest economic advantage was obtained in the 25:75 pattern and organic fertilizer treatment. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Cropping pattern, economic advantage, nutrition system, aggressivity, land equivalent ratio | ||
| مراجع | ||
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