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مروری‌بر نقش گونه‌های بیگانه مهاجم در کاهش تنوع‌زیستی و نحوۀ مدیریت هماهنگ آنها در سطح ملی و بین‌المللی | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 19، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 38، بهمن 1400، صفحه 231-250 اصل مقاله (678 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2021.353506.1466 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| علی علیزاده علی آبادی* | ||
| دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این مقاله، سعی شده است ضمن معرفی "گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم"، اهمیت آنها در کشاورزی، منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست مورد بررسی قرارگیرد. تشابه "آفات، بیمارگرها و علف‌های‌هرز" با "گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم"، ازلحاظ صدمه‌ای که به گیاهان و محیط‌زیست وارد می‌کنند؛ سبب شده است، "حفاظت از محیط‌زیست، جنگلها و تنوع‌زیستی در برابر آفات‌گیاهی"، یکی‌از چهار وظیفۀ اصلی قرنطینۀ‌نباتی محسوب شود. "گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم" (که در چارچوب کنوانسیون بین‌المللی حفظ‌نباتات همان "آفات قرنطینه‌ای" تلقی می‌شوند)، پس‌از پدیدۀ "تخریب و ازدست رفتن زیستگاه‌های طبیعی"، از مهم‌ترین عوامل نابودکنندۀ تنوع‌زیستی معرفی شده‌اند. بنابراین کنوانسیون تنوع‌زیستی و کنوانسیون بین‌المللی حفظ‌نباتات، هردو خود را موظف به مقابله با "گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم" می‌دانند. سازوکارهای دیگری نیز مانند موافقت‌نامۀ موازین بهداشتی‌و‌بهداشت‌گیاهی، کدکس‌غذایی و پروتکل ایمنی‌زیستی کارتاهنا نیز در تقویت قرنطینۀ‌نباتی و تسهیل روند انجام وظایف آن موثر هستند. در کنار این نهادها، بیش‌از هشت سازمان بین‌المللی دیگر نیز، در قالب "گروه ارتباطی مربوط‌به تنوع‌زیستی"، در رسیدن به اهداف مربوط‌به حفظ محیط‌زیست و ذخایر ژنتیکی و تنوع‌زیستی کمک می‌کنند. در بخش پایانی این تحلیل، ضمن برشمردن نقش تعدادی از نهادهای عضو این گروه، در مدیریت گونه‌های بیگانه مهاجم و حفظ محیط‌زیست، تداخل مدیریتی و هم‌افزایی مطلوب و موثر آنها در نیل به این امر مهم و حیاتی، مورد بحث واقع شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم؛ قرنطینۀ‌نباتی؛ کنوانسیون تنوع‌زیستی؛ کنوانسیون بین‌المللی حفظ‌نباتات؛ گروه ارتباطی مربوط‌به تنوع‌زیستی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A review of the invasive alien species role in biodiversity loss and how to manage them coordinately at the national and international level | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Alizadeh Aliabadi | ||
| Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this article, we have tried to introduce "invasive alien species" and explain their environmental importance. Because of the similarity between plant pests, pathogens and weeds and invasive alien species, in terms of damage to plants, and environment, so the fight against these factors has been included in plant protection and quarantine duties, and "protection of the environment, forests and biodiversity against plant pests" has become one of the four main tasks of plant quarantine services. "Invasive alien species" (considered "Plant quarantine pests" under the International Plant Protection Convention, IPPC), invasive alien species have been identified as the second most important threat to biodiversity after "natural habitats destruction and loss ". Therefore, the Convention on Biological Diversity and IPPC, each consider themselves obliged to deal with "invasive alien species". Other mechanisms, such as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, SPS, the Codex Alimentarius, and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, are also effective one in strengthening plant quarantine and facilitating the invasive alien species management. In addition to these institutions, more than eight other international organizations, in the form of the Biodiversity Liaison Group (BLG), contribute to the protection of biodiversity resources. Finally, while explaining the role of BLG members, in the management of invasive alien species and environmental protection, we will discuss managerial interference and their effective synergy in achieving this important and vital purpose. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Invasive alien species, Convention on biological diversity, International plant protection convention, Biodiversity liaison group, Plant quarantine | ||
| مراجع | ||
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