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ارزیابی میزان شکارگری و ترجیح طعمه سن شکارگر (Wolff) Orius niger در کنترل آفات مهم مکنده دانههای روغنی | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 16، اسفند 1399، صفحه 107-118 اصل مقاله (258.1 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2021.125855 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محبوبه شریفی* 1؛ سید حسن ملکشی2؛ خدیجه مداحی3؛ محمد تقی مبشری1؛ ثمانه ملک شاهکویی4؛ کوروش قادری1؛ علیرضا رجائی1؛ اسماعیل خمر1 | ||
| 1مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| 4مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی گرگان، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی گلستان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سفیدبالک‌ها و تریپس‌ها از آفات مهمی هستند که در مزارع دانههای روغنی فعالیت می‌کنند و علاوه بر خسارت مستقیم، به‌طور غیرمستقیم نیز منجر به کاهش کمّی و کیفی دانههای روغنی می‌شوند. سن شکارگرOrius niger یکی از عوامل مهار زیستی موثر تریپس‌ها و سفیدبالک‌ها است که در مزارع دانههای روغنی و به ویژه پنبه استان گلستان بهوفور مشاهده می‌شود. بهمنظور ارزیابی کارایی شکارگری O. niger، این سن از مزارع پنبه جمع‌آوری شد و در شرایط آزمایشگاهی پرورش داده شد. در آزمایشهای مربوط به میزان شکارگری به ازای هر شکارگر (ماده) تراکم‌های 5، 10، 20، 30 و 40 پوره سفیدبالک، 5، 10، 20، 30 و 50 تخم سفیدبالک و 5، 10، 20، 30 و 40 پوره تریپس داخل ظرف پتری (ده سانتیمتری) قرار داده شد. نتایج رگرسیون لجستیک نشان داد که واکنش تابعی برای هر دو مرحله تخم و پوره سفیدبالک از نوع واکنش تابعی نوع سوم و برای پوره تریپس از نوع دوم میباشد. پرآسنجه قدرت جستجو (a′) برای پوره تریپس، تخم و پوره سفیدبالک بهترتیب 0697/0، 01193/0 و 01072/0 بر ساعت محاسبه شد. مدت زمان لازم برای دستیابی (Th) سن شکارگر به پوره تریپس، تخم و پوره سفیدبالک مقادیر 3802/0، 2686/0 و 1042/4 ساعت بهدست آمد. آزمایش ترجیح طعمه با استفاده از فرمول منلی محاسبه شد. شاخص منلی پوره تریپس (شکار I) و تخم سفیدبالک (شکار II) بهترتیب 92/0 و 08/0 و برای پوره ترپیس (شکار I) و پوره سفیدبالک (شکار II) 85/0 و 15/0 بهدست آمد، که نشان میدهد سن شکارگر O. niger پوره تریپس را به‌طور معنیداری به دو طعمه دیگر ترجیح میدهد. به‌طور کلی، این حشره میتواند بهعنوان عامل مهار زیستی تریپس در مزارع دانههای روغنی و بهویژه مزارع پنبه معرفی شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| واکنش تابعی؛ ترجیح میزبانی؛ سن اوریوس؛ تریپس؛ سفیدبالک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of predator and prey preference of Orius niger (Wolff) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in the control of important sucking pests of oilseeds | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahboobeh Sharifi1؛ Seyed Hassan Malkeshi2؛ Khadijeh Madahi3؛ Mohammad Taghi Mobasheri1؛ Samane Malek Shahkoei4؛ Kourosh Ghaderi1؛ Alireza Rajaei1؛ Esmaeil Khamar1 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht. Iran. | ||
| 4Gorgan Agricultural Jihad Management, Agriculture Organization of Golestan, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Whiteflies and thrips are important pests that active in cotton fields and in addition to direct damage, they also indirectly reduce quantity and quality of oilseeds. Orius niger (Wolff) (Hem.: Anthocoridae) is one of the optimal biocontrol agents for thrips and whiteflies, which is abundant in oilseed fields, especially cotton fields of Golestan province. In order to evaluate the predatory efficiency of O. niger, this insect was collected from cotton fields and grown in laboratory conditions. In experiments related to the study of predatory; for each predator (female), whitefly densities of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 nymphs, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 eggs and 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 thrips nymphs were placed in the Petri dish. The results of logistic regression showed that the functional response model is type III for both egg and nymph stages of whitefly and type II for nymphs of thrips. For thrips nymphs, eggs and nymphs of whitefly, according to Roger's equation, calculated searching efficiency parameter (a′) was 0.0697, 0.01193 and 0.01072 /h, and handling time (Th) was 0.3802, 0.2686 and 4.1042 hours, respectively. Prey preference experiments were calculated using the Manley's formula. Manley index of thrips larvae (prey I) and whitefly eggs (prey II) were 0.92 and 0.08, respectively, and for thrips larvae (prey I) and whitefly nymphs (prey II) were 0.85 and 0.15 which shows that this predator significantly prefers thrips larvae to the other two preys. In general, the results showed that O. niger can be used as a favorable biological control agent for thrips in cotton fields. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| functional response, host preference, Orius, thrips, whitefly | ||
| مراجع | ||
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