Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute and highly contagious disease in livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs, leading to a lot of economic losses. The current FMD vaccines formulated by inactivated whole-virus and adjuvant successfully reduce disease outbreaks in many regions of the world. Immunological studies on FMD viruses revealed that the dominant epitope in arising neutral antibody response is amino acid residues constructing the G-H loop, constituting a surface loop of the structural protein, termed VP1. Liposomes as one of the most well-known vehicles are considered an important carrier in vaccine development, and their function is used to encapsulate purified VP1 protein based on their size, charge, and lipid content. Accordingly, the VP1 protein was isolated from the FMD virus. This study aimed to compare four methods of VP1 protein encapsulation in the liposome and the extruding effect, as follows: 1) VP1 protein was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and added to the lipid film hydrated by ethanol, 2) the lipid film was hydrated by VP1 protein with 7M urea, 3) the lipid film was hydrated by VP1 protein and freeze-thawed, and 4) the lipid film was hydrated by VP1 protein. The highest encapsulation efficiency was 91% in the second method which purified protein-containing urea. The VP1 protein in the prepared liposome (1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: cholesterol) released more than 90% of protein content after 240 h. |
- Belsham GJ, Kristensen T, Jackson T. Foot-and-mouth disease virus: Prospects for using knowledge of virus biology to improve control of this continuing global threat. Virus Res. 2020:197909.
- Saravanan P, Sreenivasa B, Selvan RT, Basagoudanavar SH, Hosamani M, Reddy ND, et al. Protective immune response to liposome adjuvanted high potency foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in Indian cattle. Vaccine. 2015;33(5):670-7.
- Cañas-Arranz R, Forner M, Defaus S, de León P, Bustos MJ, Torres E, et al. A Single Dose of Dendrimer B2T Peptide Vaccine Partially Protects Pigs against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection. Vaccines. 2020;8(1):19.
- Najafi H, FallahMehrabadi MH, Hosseini H, Kafi ZZ, Hamdan AM, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A. The first full genome characterization of an Iranian foot and mouth disease virus. Virus Res. 2020;279:197888.
- Eghbali P, Mehravani H, Azimi M. Assessment of the Immunogenicity of Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Produced by Razi Institute against Types of A13, A15 and O2010 of FMD Virus. Iran J Virol. 2017;11(1):9-16.
- Ilbeigi K, Bokaie S, Aghasharif S, Magalhães RJS, Rashtibaf M. Risk factors for recurrence of FMD outbreaks in Iran: a case-control study in a highly endemic area. BMC Vet Res. 2018;14(1):253.
- Brito B, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Vu LT, Dong PV, et al. A traditional evolutionary history of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Southeast Asia challenged by analyses of non-structural protein coding sequences. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1-13.
- Yang B, Zhang X, Zhang D, Hou J, Xu G, Sheng C, et al. Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Escape for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Pathogens. 2020;9(9):729.
- Ranaweera LT, Wijesundara UK, Jayarathne HS-M, Knowles N, Wadsworth J, Mioulet V, et al. Characterization of the FMDV-serotype-O isolates collected during 1962 and 1997 discloses new topotypes, CEY-1 and WCSA-1, and six new lineages. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1-10.
- Victoria MM, Theron J, Maree F, Crampton M. Production of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT2 VP1 protein. AMB Express. 2020;10(1).
- Cao Y. Adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines: recent progress. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014;13(11):1377-85.
- Wang N, Chen M, Wang T. Liposomes used as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system: From basics to clinical immunization. J Controlled Release. 2019;303:130-50.
- Li M, Du C, Guo N, Teng Y, Meng X, Sun H, et al. Composition design and medical application of liposomes. Eur J Med Chem. 2019;164:640-53.
- Mehrabi M, Dounighi NM, Mohammadi M, Masoudi A. Nanoparticles and Vaccine Development. Pharm Nanotechnol. 2020;8(1):6-21.
- Wang C-S, Smith RL. Lowry determination of protein in the presence of Triton X-100. Anal Biochem. 1975;63(2):414-7.
- Joanitti GA, Sawant RS, Torchilin VP, de Freitas SM, Azevedo RB. Optimizing liposomes for delivery of Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors—Platforms for multiple biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B. 2018;167:474-82.
- de los Santos T, Diaz-San Segundo F, Rodriguez LL. The need for improved vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease. Curr Opin Virol. 2018;29:16-25.
- Xiao Y, Chen H-Y, Wang Y, Yin B, Lv C, Mo X, et al. Large-scale production of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype Asia1) VLP vaccine in Escherichia coli and protection potency evaluation in cattle. BMC Biotechnol. 2016;16(1):56.
- Xiao Y, Chen H-Y, Wang Y, Yin B, Lv C, Mo X, et al. Large-scale production of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype Asia1) VLP vaccine in Escherichia coli and protection potency evaluation in cattle. BMC Biotechnol. 2016;16(1):1-9.
- Dailian S, Jue W. Prokaryotic expression and protein purification of O-type foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 gene. Anhui Nongye Kexue. 2020.
- Farris E, Brown DM, Ramer-Tait AE, Pannier AK. Micro-and nanoparticulates for DNA vaccine delivery. Exp Biol Med. 2016;241(9):919-29.
- Tandrup Schmidt S, Foged C, Smith Korsholm K, Rades T, Christensen D. Liposome-based adjuvants for subunit vaccines: formulation strategies for subunit antigens and immunostimulators. Pharmaceutics. 2016;8(1):7.
- Zahednezhad F, Saadat M, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P, Baradaran B. Liposome and immune system interplay: Challenges and potentials. J Controlled Release. 2019;305:194-209.
- De Serrano LO, Burkhart DJ. Liposomal vaccine formulations as prophylactic agents: design considerations for modern vaccines. J Nanobiotechnol. 2017;15(1):83.
- Cruz LJ, Tacken PJ, Rueda F, Domingo JC, Albericio F, Figdor CG. Targeting nanoparticles to dendritic cells for immunotherapy. Methods Enzymol. 509: Elsevier; 2012. p. 143-63.
- Filipczak N, Pan J, Yalamarty SSK, Torchilin VP. Recent advancements in liposome technology. Adv Drug Delivery Rev. 2020.
|