| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,846 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 41,387,075 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,562,164 |
برهمکنش همزیستی میکوریزا و انواع مالچ بر بانک بذر علف های‌هرز در کنگر فرنگی (Cynara scolymus L) | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| دوره 18، شماره 1، فروردین 1401، صفحه 1-10 اصل مقاله (1021.77 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijws.2021.354110.1390 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا رضائی* 1؛ مجید پوریوسف2؛ علیرضا یوسفی2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش، به‌منظور مطالعه اثر تلقیح میکوریزا و کاربرد مالچها بر کاهش تراکم بانک بذر در محصول کنگر فرنگی (Cynara scolymus L.)، در سالهای زراعی 96-1395 و 97-1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان، به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تلقیح با میکوریزا گونه Rhizoglomus intraradices (تلقیح میکوریزایی و عدم تلقیح میکوریزایی) در کرتهای اصلی و انواع مالچهای زنده (شبدر برسیم و خلر) و غیر زنده (مالچ پلاستیکی دو رنگ (مشکی-نقرهای)، کاه و کلش گندم)، وجین کامل علف‌های‌هرز ، وجین یک مرحلهای و بدون وجین در کرتهای فرعی قرار گرفتند. یافتهها نشان داد که بیشترین تراکم بذر علف‌های‌هرز به میزان 4453 بذر، از تیمار بدون وجین در شرایط بدون تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا در سال زراعی 97-1396 به‌دست آمد. تیمار مالچ پلاستیک نقرهای-مشکی در شرایط تلقیح با میکوریزا و طی سال آزمایشی 96-1395، با 573 بذر، کمترین تراکم بانک بذر را دارا بود. بین فراوانی بانک بذر و فراوانی گیاهچه )85/0=R2)، همبستگی بالایی وجود داشت، بنابراین میتوان تلقیح با میکوریزا و کاربرد مالچهای زنده و غیر زنده را به‌عنوان راهکاری جهت کاهش تراکم بانک بذر پیشنهاد نمود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تلقیح میکوریزایی؛ کاه و کلش گندم؛ مالچ پلاستیک؛ مالچ زنده؛ وجین دستی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Interactive effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis and mulches on the weed seed bank in artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Rezaei1؛ Majid Pouryousef2؛ Alireza Yousefi2 | ||
| 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To study the possibility of decreasing weed seed bank of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by mycorrhizal inoculation and mulches, a three replicated split plot design based on randomized complete block design was conducted during 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan. Two levels of inoculation (inoculation with mycorrhiza and non- inoculation) were considered as the main plots and a variety of living mulches (Trifolium alexandrinum and Lathyrus sativus), polyethylene film (silver-black color), wheat straw, consistently hand weeding throughout the growing season, once hand weeding and no-weeding were considered as sub plots. Results revealed that the highest density of weeds seed (4453 seeds) was recorded in no-weeding treatment under non-mycorrhizal inoculation conditions in 2018. The lowest weeds seed density was recorded in silver-black plastic mulch treatment under mycorrhizal inoculation conditions in 2017. Seed frequency showed significant positive correlations with seedling frequencies (R2=0.85); therefore, mycorrhizal inoculation and living and non-living mulches application can be suggested as a solution to decrease the seed bank density. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Hand weeding, living mulch, mycorrhizal inoculation, plastic mulch, wheat straw | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
References: Apple, M.E., Thee, C.I., Smith-Longozo, V.L., Cogar, C.R., Wells, C.E. and Nowak, R.S. 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa roots varies with precipitation and season in the Mojave Desert. Symbiosis. 39: 131-136. Boguzas, V., Marcinkeviciene, A. and Kairyte, A. 2004. Quantitative and qualitive evaluation of weed seed bank in organic farming. Agron. Res. 2: 13-22. Cudney, D.W., Smith, R.F., Schrader, W.L. and Mullen, B.F. 1999. Univ. California pest management guidelines. Div. Agr. Natural Resources Publ. 3339. Gao, P., Zhang, Z.H., Shen, J., Mao, Y., Wei, S.H., Wei, J., Zuo, R., Li, R., Songa, X. and Qianga, SH. 2020. Weed seed bank dynamics responses to long-term chemical control in a rice–wheat cropping system. Pest Manag. Sci. 76: 1993–2003. Hartwig, N. and Ammon, H.U. 2002. Cover crops and living mulches. Weed Sci. 50: 688–699. Hossain, M. and Begum, M. 2016. Soil weed seed bank: Importance and management for sustainable crop production. A Review. J. Bangladesh Agric. Univ. 13: 221–228. Iamonico, D. 2010. Biology, life-strategy and invasiveness of Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae) in central Italy: preliminary remarks. Botanica Serb. 34: 137–145. Iniobong, E., Okon, M., Solomon, G. and Osonubi, O. 2010. The Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation and mulch of contrasting chemical composition on the yield of cassava under humid tropical conditions. The Sci. World J. 10: 505–511. Jodaugiene, D., Pupaliene, R., Urboniene, M., Pranckietis, V. and Pranckietiene, I. 2006. The impact of different types of organic mulches on weed emergence. Agron. Res. 4: 197-201. Johnson, N.C. and Graham, J.H. 2013. The continuum concept remains a useful framework for studying mycorrhizal functioning. Plant and Soil. 363: 411–419. Kharghani, F., Rashed Mohasel, M.H., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2004. Evaluation of weed population in different crop rotations and fallow treatments. Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 1(2): 190-197. (In Persian with English Summary) Kruk, B., Insausti, P., Razul, A. and Benech-Arnold, R. 2006. Light and thermal environments as modified by a wheat crop: Effects on weed seed germination. J. Applied Ecol. 43: 227–236. Lemessa, F. and Wakjira, M. 2014. Mechanisms of ecological weed management by cover cropping: Areview. J. Biol. Sci. 14: 452–459. Loddo, D., Vasileiadis, V.P., Masin, R., Zuin, M.C. and Zanin, G. 2016. Inhibiting effect of shallow seed burial on grass weed emergence. Plant Prot. 52: 64–69. Lombardo, S., Restuccia, C., Pandino, G., Licciardello, F., Muratore, G. and Mauromicale, G. 2015. Influence of an O3-atmosphere storage on microbial growth and antioxidant contents of globe artichoke as affected by genotype and harvest time. Innov. Food. Sci. Emerg. Technol. 27: 121-128. Maighal, M., Salem, M., Kohler, J. and Rillig, M.C. 2016. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi negatively affect soil seed bank Viability. Ecol. Evol. 6: 7683–7689. Mashavakure, N., Mashingaidze, A.B., Musundire, R., Edson, G. and Svotwa, E. 2020. Germinable weed seed-bank response to plant residue application and hand weeding under two contrasting tillage systems in a granite-derived clay loam soil in Zimbabwe. South African J. Plant Soil. 2020: 1–9. Mesgaran, M.B., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Zand, E. and Malizadeh, H. 2007. Comparison of three Methodologies for efficient seed extraction in studies of soil weed seedbanks. Weed Res. 47: 472-478. Mohanty, S., Sonkar, R.K. and Marathe, R.A. 2002. Effect of mulching on Nagpur mandarin cultivation in drought prone region of Central India. Indian J. Soil Conserv. 30: 286–289. Nichols, V., Verhulst, N., Cox, R. and Govaerts, B. 2015. Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: a review. Field Crops Res. 183: 56–68. Oswald, A., Ransom, J.K., Kroschel, J. and Sauerborn, J. 2002. Intercropping controls Striga in maize based farming systems. Crop Prot. 21: 367–374. Petrikovszki, R., Erdei, M., Erdélyi, M., Nagy, P., Simon, B. and Tóth, F. 2018. Examination of background factors to decrease the damage by Meloidogyne incognita in an open-field tomato experiment. Proceedings of the 33th Symposium of the European Society of Nematologists. Abstract book; Ghent, Belgium. 315 Pp. Phillips, J.M. and Hayman, D.S. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 55: 158-161. Pullaro, T.C., Marino, P.C., Jackson, D.M., Harrinson, H.F. and Keinath, A.P. 2006. Effects of killed cover crop on weeds, weed seeds, and herbivores. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 115: 97-104. Rahman, A., James, T.K. and Grbavac, N. 2006. Correlation between the soil seed bank and weed populations in maize fields. Weed Biol. Manag. 6(4): 228–234. Rillig, M.C. and Mummey, D.L. 2006. Mycorrhizas and soil structure. New Phyt. 171: 41–53. Schmidt, J.H., Junge, S. and Finckh, M.R. 2019. Cover crops and compost prevent weed seed bank buildup in herbicidefree wheat–potato rotations under conservation tillage. Ecol. Evol. 2019: 1–10. Schwartz-Lazaro, L.M. and Copes, J.T. 2019. A review of the Soil Seedbank from a Weed Scientists Perspective. Agron. 9: 1–13. Smith, S.E. and Smith, F.A. 2011. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant nutrition and growth: New paradigms from cellular to ecosystems scales. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 63: 227–250. Tesi, R., Lombardi, P. and Lenzi, A. 2004. Nursery production of rooted offshoots of globe artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.). Acta Hortic. 660: 399–403. Varga, S. 2015. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and maternal plant sex on seed germination and early plant establishment. American J. Bot. 102: 1–9 Wei, D., Liping, C., Zhijun, M., Guangwei, W. and Ruirui, Z. 2010. Review of non-chemical weed management for green agriculture. I. J. Agric.Biol. Eng. 3: 52–60 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 754 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 256 |
||