Growth promoters are used in the broiler industry of Iraq, and herbal plants are believed to be one of the safest growth-promoting agents in modern poultry production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aqueous mustard (Brassica juncea) seed (MS) extract on broiler production. A total of 160 unsexed day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were selected and exposed to different doses of MS included in drinking water for six weeks. Afterward, MS was added to the treatment groups of T1 (control), T2, T3, and T4 in the dosage of 0mL, 3mL, 5 mL, and 7 mL per liter of drinking water, respectively. Results indicated that the birds that were given extract (T2, T3, T4) for the three weeks were fed significantly more diet, compared to the control treatment group (189.4 g vs. 159.6g) (P<0.05). Accordingly, the Body Weight (BW) of these birds recorded on days 28 (1232, 1252, 1300g) and 35 (1840, 1900, 1960g) were significantly higher, compared to the birds in the control treatment on days 28 (1147g) and 35 (1657g), respectively. On days 28 and 35, the birds in T2, T3, T4 treatment groups had significantly higher Body Weight Gain (BWG) (P<0.05), compared to the control group (G1). Improved Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was observed in the 5th week for the birds that were administrated MS extract (5 and 7mL /liter), compared to the control group (P<0.05). The total serum level of protein, phosphorus, and calcium was increased in birds in the treatment group T4 (7.5 g/dL). Moreover, lower cholesterol values and higher values of alkaline phosphatase were obtained in birds in the treatment groups T2, T 3, and T4 (P<0.05). On day 35, higher meat peroxidation was observed in the fresh samples (after 24 h of slaughtering) of birds receiving different levels of MS extract, compared to the birds in the control group. The obtained results revealed that 5-7 mL of MS extract can be considered a functional growth- promoter for commercial broilers, although further studies are needed to confirm MS as a growth promoter. |
- Abdulameera YS, Modirsaneia M, Kiaeia MM, Mansooria B, Farkhoya M. The Role of Early Feeding on the Effects of Alternative Antibiotics on Blood Picture, Immune Competency and Gut Health in Broilers. J Nat Sci Res. 2015;5(20):161-71.
- Rabee RHS, Abdulameer YS. The study of different growth promoters on growth performance, intestinal bacteriology and haematological chracteristics. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2018;12(4):2069-76.
- Torrecillas S, Terova G, Makol A, Serradell A, Valdenegro-Vega V, Izquierdo M, et al. Dietary phytogenics and galactomannan oligosaccharides in low fish meal and fish oil-based diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles: effects on gill structure and health and implications on oxidative stress status. Front Immunol. 2021;12.
- Arshad L, NAQVI SZH, Hussain J, Naeem H, Shahzad S, Aslam A, et al. Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves powder on growth performance, hemato-biochemical profile and carcass traits of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2021;45(3):388-95.
- Kumar V, Thakur AK, Barothia ND, Chatterjee SS. Therapeutic potentials of Brassica juncea: an overview. CellMed. 2011;1(1):2.1-2.16.
- Mazumder A, Dwivedi A, Du Plessis J. Sinigrin and its therapeutic benefits. Molecules. 2016;21(4):416.
- Specifications BN. Ross 308 Broiler Nutrition Specifications. In: Company A, editor. Scotland2007.
- Jung Y-K, Jung S, Lee H-J, Kang M-G, Lee S-K, Kim Y-J, et al. Effect of high pressure after the addition of vegetable oil on the safety and quality of beef loin. Food Sci Anim Resour. 2012;32(1):68-76.
- Abdel-Wareth AA, Kehraus S, Südekum K-H. Peppermint and its respective active component in diets of broiler chickens: growth performance, viability, economics, meat physicochemical properties, and carcass characteristics. Poult Sci. 2019;98(9):3850-9.
- Amad A, Männer K, Wendler K, Neumann K, Zentek J. Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2011;90(12):2811-6.
- Arif M, Hayat Z, Abd El-Hack M, Saeed M, Imran H, Alowaimer A, et al. Impacts of supplementing broiler diets with a powder mixture of black cumin, Moringa and chicory seeds. S Afr J Anim Sci. 2019;49(3):564-72.
- Abd El-Hack M, Attia A, Arif M, Soomro R, Arain M. The impacts of dietary Nigella sativa meal and Avizyme on growth, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of meat-type quail. Anim Prod Sci. 2016;58(2):291-8.
- Adegbeye M, Oloruntola O, Asaniyan E, Agunbiade B, Oisagah E, Ayodele S. Pawpaw, Black Cumin, and Mustard Seed Meals Dietary Supplementation in Broiler Chickens: Effect on Performance, Gut Microflora, and Gut Morphology. J Agric Sci Technol. 2020;22(5):1235-46.
- Raaz K Maheshwari PM, Upma Singh, Lalit Mohan, Chauhan AK. Nidhi Gauba Dhawan. Intrinsic Therapeutic Gains of Dietary Antioxidants occurring In Soyabean, Aloe vera, Gooseberry, Spirulina, Broccoli and Garlic. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2014;2(1):321-36.
- Liu X, Yoon SB, Kim IH. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, excreta microbial counts, meat quality and organ weight on broilers fed with de-oiled lecithin emulsifier. Animals. 2020;10(3):478.
- Pappula R. Supplementation of lauric acid, probiotic and their combination on performance and immune response of commercial broiler chicken. Indian J Anim Nutr. 2021;38(1).
- Adegbeye MJ, Asaniyan EK, Igbalajobi OA, Oyedele DS, Elghandour MM, Salem AZ, et al. Influence of selected plant seeds on the performance, carcass characteristics, sensory evaluation, and economics of broiler chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020;52(3):1005-12.
- Grioui N, Boukhris H, Damergi C, Hajji W, Riahi H, Abderrabba M, et al. Dried tomato pomace in rabbit nutrition: effects on carcass characteristics and meat quality. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci. 2021;45(2):281-7.
- Ripon MMR, Rashid MH, Rahman MM, Ferdous MF, Arefin MS, Sani AA, et al. Dose-dependent response to phytobiotic supplementation in feed on growth, hematology, intestinal pH, and gut bacterial load in broiler chicken. J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2019;6(2):253.
- Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Liver enzymes, metabolomics and genome-wide association studies: from systems biology to the personalized medicine. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(3):711.
- Pannala AS, Chan TS, O'Brien PJ, Rice-Evans CA. Flavonoid B-ring chemistry and antioxidant activity: fast reaction kinetics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;282(5):1161-8.
- Caballero B, Finglas P, Toldrá F. Encyclopedia of food and health: Academic Press; 2015.
- Abbasi H, Seidavi A, Liu W, Asadpour L. Investigation on the effect of different levels of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) pulp on performance, carcass characteristics and physiological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015;22(2):139-46.
- Abd El-Hady A, El Ashry GM, El-Ghalid O. Effect of Natural Phytogenic Extract Herbs on Physiological Status and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chickens. Open J Anim Sci. 2019;10(1):134-51.
- Ojabo L, Oluremi O, Carew S, Uza D. Heamatology and serum biochemistry of pullet grower chickens fed sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel meal based diets. Res Opin Anim Vet Sci. 2013;3(8):252-6.
- Domínguez R, Pateiro M, Gagaoua M, Barba FJ, Zhang W, Lorenzo JM. A comprehensive review on lipid oxidation in meat and meat products. Antioxidants. 2019;8(10):429.
- Alzawqari M, Al-Baddany A, Al-Baadani H, Alhidary I, Khan RU, Aqil G, et al. Effect of feeding dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves on growth performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites and antioxidant status in broiler during the finisher phase. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2016;23(17):17077-82.
- Cheng J. Lipid oxidation in meat. J Nutr Food Sci. 2016;6:1-3.
- Aluwong T, Kawu M, Raji M, Dzenda T, Govwang F, Sinkalu V, et al. Effect of yeast probiotic on growth, antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde concentration of broiler chickens. Antioxidants. 2013;2(4):326-39.
- Bidarnamani E, Shargh M, Dastar B, Daran S. Effect of different levels of Agaricus bisporus mushroom waste with and without prebiotic on meat quality of broiler chickens. Adv Environ Biol. 2015;9(4):421-7.
|