A study was conducted on the effect of nano-complex salicylic acid-zinc on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus Daenensis Celak. The treatments were applied in two stages, 15 days apart, after the establishment, in May as spraying at zero, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% (v/v). Based on the results, different levels of nano-complex salicylic acid-zinc led to a change in the vegetative growth indices studied, percentage of essential oil compounds, polyphenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The most important compounds in the essential oil were reported in the control treatment: Carvacrol, Thymol, p-cymene, Borneol, and 1.8-cineole. A 0.5% solution of nano-complex salicylic acid-zinc increased the amount of Carvacrol in essential oil by 80.7% compared to the control. The amount and type of polyphenolic compounds were measured with HPLC. The most important compounds included rosmarinic acid, Thymol, Carvacrol, and Hesperetin. The best treatment for increasing polyphenols was concentration of 0.5% of nano-complex salicylic acid-zinc. |
- Sharafzadeh S., Zare M. Effect of drought stress on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of some medicinal plants from Lamiaceae family. Advance in Environ Biol. 2011;5(8):2058-2062.
- Ghasemi Pirbalouti A., Hashemi M., Taherian Ghahfarokhi F. Essential oil and chemical compositions of wild and cultivated T. daenensis Celak. and T. vulgaris [L.]. Indus Crops & Prod. 2013;48:43-48.
- Senaranta T., Touchell D., Bum B., Dixon K. Acetylsalicylic (aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulators. 2002;30:157-161.
- Amin A.A., Rashad E.M., El-Abagy H.M.H. Physiological effect of indol-3-butyric acid and salicylic acid on growth, yield and chemical constituents of onion plants. Sci & Res J. 2007;3(11):1554-1563.
- Ram M., Singh R., Naqvi A.A., Lohia R.S., Bansal R.P., Kumar S. Effect of salicylic acid on the yield and quality of essential oil in aromatic crops. Med & Aroma Plant Sci. 1997;19(1):24-27.
- Fatma A.G. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. Agric & Biology J. 2007;1560 (98530):249-301.
- Bulgacov V.P., Tchernoded G.K., Mischenko N.P., Khodakovskaya M.V., Glazunov V.P., Adchenko V.R.S., Zvereva E.V., Fedoreyev S.A., Zhuravlev Y.N. Effect of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethephon and cantharidin on anthraquinone production by Rubia cordifolia callus cultures transformed with the Rolb and Rolc genes. Biotechnol J. 2002;97:213-221.
- Zare Dehabadi S., Asrar Z. Study on the effects of zinc stress on induction of oxidative stress and concentration of mineral element in spearmint (Mentha spicata L.). Iranian J Biol. 2009;22(2):218-228.
- Pirzad A.R., Tousi P. Effect of Fe and Zn foliar application on plant characteristics and essential oil content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Crop Sci J. 2013;15(1):12-22.
- Preeti Pande M, Anwar SC, Yadov V, Patra D. Optimal level of iron and zinc in relation to its influence on herb yield and protection of essential oil in menthol mint. Communication in Soil Sci & Plant Analysis, 2007;38:561-578.
- Misra A., Dwivedi S., Srivastava A.K., Tewari D.K., Khan A., Kumar R. Low iron stress nutrition for evaluation of Fe-efficient genotype physiology, photosynthesis, and essential monoterpene oil(s) yield of Ocimum sanctum. Photosynthetica, 2006;44(3):474-477.
- Subramanian K.S., Manikandan A., Thirunavukkarasu M., Sharmila Rahale C. Nano-fertilizers for balanced crop nutrition. Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. In Rai, M., Duran, N., Ribeiro, C., Mattoso, L. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. 2015.
- Liu R., Lal R. Synthetic apatite nano-particles as a phosphorus fertilizer for soybean (Glycine max). Sci Reports. 2014;4:5686-5691.
- Lal R. Soils and India’s food security. Indian Society of Soil Sci J. 2008;56:129-138.
- Fleischer A., O’Neill M.A., Ehwald R. The pore size of non-graminaceous plant cell walls is rapidly decreased by borate ester cross-linking of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II. Plant Physiology, 1999;121:829-838.
- DeRosa M.C., Monreal C., Schnitzer M., Walsh R., Sultan Y. Nanotechnology in fertilizers. Natural Nanotechnology, 2010;5:91.
- Palada M.C., Crossman S.M.A., Kowalski J.A. Growth and yield response of thyme (T. vulgaris L.) to source of nitrogen fertilizer. Caribbean Food Crops Society, 1994;30:58-64.
- Adams RP. Identification of essential oils by ion trap mass spectroscopy. Academic Press, New York, 2011;809 p.
- Justesen U., Knuthsen P., Leth T. Quantitative analysis of flavonols, flavones, and flavanones in fruits, vegetables and beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode array and mass spectrometric detection. Chromatograghy A J. 1998;799(1-2):101-110.
- Gharib F.A.E. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. Inter Agric and Biology J. 2007;9(2):294-301.
- Yazdanpanah S., Abasi F., Baghzadeh A. Effect of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on proline, sugar and protein content in Satureja hortensis L. under aridity stress. In Proceeding of 1st Natural Conference of Environmental Stress in Agricultural Sci. 28-29 June, 2010. The University of Birjand. (In Persian)
- Idrees M., Khan M.M.A., Aftab T., Naeem M., Hashmi N. Salicylic acid-induced physiological and biochemical changes in lemongrass varieties under water stress. Plant Interactions J. 2010;5: 293-303.
- Pe´rez-Tortosa V., Lo´pez-Orenes A., Martı´nez-Pe´rez A., Ferrer M.A.., Caldero´n AA. Antioxidant activity and rosmarinic acid changes in salicylic acid-treated T. membranaceus shoots. Food Chem. 2012: 130:362-369.
- Raman V., Ravi S. Effect of Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate on antioxidant systems of Heamatococcus pluvialis. Acta Physiology of Plant. 2011;33:1043-1049.
- Wang K., Jin P., Cao S., Shang H., Yang Z., Zheng,Y. Methyl jasmonate reduces decay and enhances antioxidant capacity in Chinese bay berries. Agric & Food Chem J. 2009;57:5809-5820.
- Wen P.F., Chen J.Y., Kong W.F., Pan Q.H., Wan S.B., Huang W.D. Salicylic acid induced the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene in grape berry. Plant Sci. 2005;169:928-934..
- Fang C.X., Xiong J., Qiu L., Wang H.B., Song B.Q., He H.B.., Lin RY., Lin W.X. Analysis of gene expression associated with increased allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa L.) induced by exogenous salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulators. 2009;5:163-172.
- 28. Dong J., Wan G., Liang Z. Accumulation of salicylic acid-induced phenolic compounds and raised activities of secondary metabolic and antioxidative enzyme in Salvia miltiorrhiza cell culture. Biotechnol. 2010;148(2-3):99-104.
|