Camels have an important role in the lives of human beings, especially in arid regions, due to their multipurpose role like milk, meat and wool production, transportation, racing, tourism and agricultural work. In spite of its enormous economic, cultural, and biological importance, the camel genome has not been widely studied. The size of camel genome is roughly 2.38 GB, containing over 20,000 genes and 4,727,238 SNPs. Because of unusual genetic architecture has a remarkable capacity to survive in conditions of extreme heat without needing to drink water. One of the ways that this is attained is through the actions of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is made in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) of brain, but applies its effects at the level of the kidney to stimulate water preservation. The studies have shown that the ultrastructure of the dromedary HNS changes according to season, suggesting that in the arid conditions of summer the HNS is in an activated state, in preparation for the likely landscape of water privation. Based on dromedary camel genome sequence, carried out an RNA-Seq analysis of the dromedary HNS under the different conditions (winter vs. summer). Amongst the 4 transcripts (of 51513 transcripts) found to be significantly differentially regulated (FDR < 0.05), so that tree gens had up-regulated and one gene had down-regulated. |