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تعیین بهره‌وری آب با کاربرد سامانه‌های آبیاری سطحی و قطره‌ای در تولید سیب در ایران | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 22، شماره 83، مرداد 1400، صفحه 43-58 اصل مقاله (533.22 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2021.354231.1468 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ابوالفضل ناصری* 1؛ فریبرز عباسی2؛ امیر نورجو3؛ جمال احمدآلی3؛ محمدعلی شاهرخ نیا4؛ علیرضا مأمن پوش5؛ مجید کرامتی طرقی6؛ سالومه سپهری7؛ کرامت اخوان8؛ سیدحسن موسوی فضل9؛ نادر عباسی2؛ مهدی اکبری10؛ جواد باغانی7؛ محمدمهدی نخجوانی7؛ رامین نیکان فر11؛ اردلان ذوالفقاران6 | ||
| 1دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌شرقی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و زهکشی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌غربی، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، شیراز، ایران | ||
| 5استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران | ||
| 6عضو هیات علمی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 7استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و زهکشی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 8استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل (مغان)، اردبیل (مغان)، ایران | ||
| 9عضو هیات علمی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سمنان، شاهرود، ایران | ||
| 10دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و زهکشی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 11مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تأمین امنیت غذایی در شرایط کمبود منابع آب در کشور، نیازمند مدیریت بهینه مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی است. اساسی‌ترین مؤلفه برای مدیریت بهینه آب، آگاهی از حجم آب آبیاری در تولید محصولات مختلف کشاورزی تحت مدیریت تولیدکنندگان است. از بین محصولات باغی، سیب (درختی) با تولید سالانه حدود سه میلیون تن از سطح 247 هزار هکتار از اراضی باغی کشور در جایگاه نخست قرار دارد. متناسب با این حجم تولید، برآورد می‌شود حجم قابل‌توجهی از منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی برای تولید این محصول مصرف میگردد. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف تعیین بهره‌وری آب در باغات سیب تحت مدیریت باغداران در استان‌های منتخب در کشور اجرا گردید. این استانها عبارت از آذربایجان‌شرقی، آذربایجان‌غربی، اردبیل، اصفهان، تهران، خراسان‌رضوی، فارس و سمنان بودند. علاوه بر اندازهگیری مستقیم آب آبیاری و عملکرد محصول، بهره‌وری آب در 145 باغ در کشور تعیین گردید. برای بررسی تفاوت احتمالی حجم آب آبیاری و عملکرد، و بهره‌وری آب در تولید سیب از تحلیل واریانس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت بهره‌وری آب در باغات استان‌های مختلف معنیدار بود. میانگین شاخص بهره‌وری آب در باغات سیب کشور برابر 73/2 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب به دست آمد. حداقل و حداکثر شاخص بهره‌وری آب از باغات سیب استان‌های فارس (12/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) و سمنان (46/3 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) به دست آمد. راهکارهایی برای بهینهسازی استفاده از منابع آب برای ارتقای بهره‌وری آب در باغات سیب کشور ارائه شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اراضی فاریاب؛ باغات سیب؛ کارآیی مصرف آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determination of Apple Water Productivity with Surface and Drip Irrigation Systems in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Abolfazl Nasseri1؛ Fariborz Abbasi2؛ Amir Nourjou3؛ Jamal Ahmadaali3؛ Mohammad Ali Shahrokhnia4؛ Alireza Mamanpoush5؛ majid keramati6؛ سالومه Sepehri Sadeghian7؛ Keramat Akhavan8؛ Syeed Hassan Mousavifazl9؛ Nader Abbassi2؛ Mehdi Akbari10؛ Javad Baghani7؛ Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavani7؛ Ramin Nikanfar11؛ Ardalan Zolfagharan6 | ||
| 1Associated professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Irrigation and Drainage Research Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Agricultural Engineering Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 5Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| 6Faculty member of Technical and Engineering Research Department / Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center | ||
| 7Irrigation and Drainage Research Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 8Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Ardabil (Moghan) Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil (Moghan), Iran | ||
| 9Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahroud, Iran | ||
| 10Irrigation and Drainage Research Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 11Agricultural Engineering Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Providing food security in scarcity conditions of water resources requires the optimal management of irrigation water. Estimation or determination of indices of water consumption management, such as water productivity in agricultural productions is one of the most important key in macro-planning for the supply, allocation and consumption of water in different sections such as agricultural section. Therefore, conducting a research at the national level that can lead to the real water productivity in the horticultural production in Iran, is essential and important. According to the production (3.4 million tons), a significant amount of surface and groundwater resources are consumed for apple production. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the amount of consumed water in apple orchards in selected provinces under the management of gardeners at the national level. Findings of this study could assist to the decision on management of water and agriculture. Methodology The selected provinces were East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Isfahan, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Fars and Semnan. The water productivity in 145 sites was estimated, in addition to direct measurement of water consumption and crop yield. The factors such as irrigation systems, apple cultivars, gardeners' education, soil texture; and salinity of soil and irrigation water were also measured or recorded in apple orchards. The ANOVA was used to investigate the possible difference between the volume of consumed water, yield, and water productivity in apple production. Result and Discussion The results showed that the difference between the volume of water consumption, crop yield and water productivity was very significant in the orchards from provinces. The volume of consumed water and crop yield in apple orchards over the country averaged 9814 m3 ha-1 and 23.2 t ha-1, respectively. The water index was 2.73 kg m-3 in apple orchards over the country. The lowest and highest water productivity were obtained from the orchards of Fars and Semnan provinces. Conclusions Some strategies have been proposed to optimize the consumption of water resources; and to improve apple yield and water productivity in the country's level. The results of the research in apple orchards of selected provinces in Iran revealed that average of water consumption in apple orchards were 9814 m3 ha-1 with the water productivity of 2.73 kg m-3. Application of high-efficiency and well-managed irrigation systems, and other appropriate improving methods of water productivity can lead to optimal use of water resources, improve yield and enhance water productivity in production. Result and Discussion The results showed that the difference between the volume of water consumption, crop yield and water productivity was very significant in the orchards from provinces. The volume of consumed water and crop yield in apple orchards over the country averaged 9814 m3 ha-1 and 23.2 t ha-1, respectively. The water index was 2.73 kg m-3 in apple orchards over the country. The lowest and highest water productivity were obtained from the orchards of Fars and Semnan provinces. Conclusions Some strategies have been proposed to optimize the consumption of water resources; and to improve apple yield and water productivity in the country's level. The results of the research in apple orchards of selected provinces in Iran revealed that average of water consumption in apple orchards were 9814 m3 ha-1 with the water productivity of 2.73 kg m-3. Application of high-efficiency and well-managed irrigation systems, and other appropriate improving methods of water productivity can lead to optimal use of water resources, improve yield and enhance water productivity in production. Result and Discussion The results showed that the difference between the volume of water consumption, crop yield and water productivity was very significant in the orchards from provinces. The volume of consumed water and crop yield in apple orchards over the country averaged 9814 m3 ha-1 and 23.2 t ha-1, respectively. The water index was 2.73 kg m-3 in apple orchards over the country. The lowest and highest water productivity were obtained from the orchards of Fars and Semnan provinces. Conclusions Some strategies have been proposed to optimize the consumption of water resources; and to improve apple yield and water productivity in the country's level. The results of the research in apple orchards of selected provinces in Iran revealed that average of water consumption in apple orchards were 9814 m3 ha-1 with the water productivity of 2.73 kg m-3. Application of high-efficiency and well-managed irrigation systems, and other appropriate improving methods of water productivity can lead to optimal use of water resources, improve yield and enhance water productivity in production. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Apple orchards, Irrigated areas, Water use efficiency | ||
| مراجع | ||
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