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بررسی امکان کشت ارقام دیررس برنج از طریق خزانه گیری زیر پلاستیک در منطقه لردگان | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 34، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 130، خرداد 1400، صفحه 1-16 اصل مقاله (475.94 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2021.126452.1408 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لطفعلی لطفی1؛ فرود صالحی* 2 | ||
| 1مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چون در آزمایشات قبلی، کوتاه بودن فصل رشد در منطقه لردگان برای ارقام برنج رایج در شمال کشور، منجر به عدم تولید عملکرد قابل قبول این ارقام در این منطقه گردیده بود، لذا به منظور فراهم کردن امکان کشت ارقام هاشمی، دمسیاه، طارم، کادوس، شفق و ساحل، از طریق خزانه‌گیری زودهنگام (زودتر از عرف منطقه) با استفاده از پوشش پلاستیک، مطالعه‌ای دو ساله در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار برای کشت ارقام مذکور همراه با رقم کوهرنگ به عنوان شاهد در منطقه لردگان (1390-1389) انجام شد. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که ارقام مورد بررسی در سطح احتمال یک درصد برای کلیه صفات زراعی با یکدیگر تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. رقم دمسیاه با متوسط تولید 4/6 تن شلتوک در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد را داشت. رقم کوهرنگ (شاهد) با متوسط عملکرد 7/5 تن شلتوک در هکتار در کلاسی پایین‌تر از رقم دمسیاه و بالاتر از سایر ارقام قرار گرفت. همبستگی بین عملکرد شلتوک با ارتفاع بوته، تعداد خوشه در بوته، تعداد دانه پر در خوشه و طول خوشه مثبت و در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود (43/0 =r تا 85/0=r)، ولی همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری (59/0-=r تا 87/0- =r) بین عملکرد دانه با تعداد روز تا مراحل فنولوژیکی و درصد پوکی دانه مشاهده شد. در مجموع، با حداقل یک ماه تعجیل در کشت (سال اول آزمایش) از طریق خزانه گیری زیر پوشش پلاستیک، ارقام ساحل و دمسیاه قابل توصیه می‌باشند، ولی در مواقعی که نمی‌توان تعجیل زیادی در کاشت ایجاد کرد (سال دوم آزمایش) فقط رقم دمسیاه توصیه می-شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| برنج؛ پوشش پلاستیک؛ مراحل فنولوژیکی؛ ضریب همبستگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the possibility of cultivating late rice cultivars through nursery under plastic cover in Lordegan region | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Lotfali Lotfi1؛ Foroud Salehi2 | ||
| 1Crop and Horticultural Science Research department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agriculture and Natural Resorces Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| 2Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal after wheat (Kazemi-Arbat, 1995). Suitable cropping dates will cause plants to better utilize the factors that are effective in their growth and development, thereby leading to the formation of desired yields. Thereofore, the selection of proper cropping date can play a crucial role in crop production (Rashedmohasel, 1997). Rice plant has a special place in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province where an area of about 3,000 hectares is dedicated to its cultivation. It seems that the introduction of high-quality cultivars will expand the rice cultivation area in the province. Therefore, six rice cultivars from the northern provinces of the country, named Domsiah, Hashemi, Tarom, Sahel, Shafagh and Kadous, along with traditional cultivar of Kouhrang as a check were evaluated (Lotfi Chamgawi, 2007). Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the possibility of early cultivation of late-maturing cultivars from northern peovinces through the nursery with plastic cover in the Lordegan region during 2010 and 2011, a study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Cultivars were Tarom, Domsiah, Hashemi, Kadous, Shafagh and Sahel with Koohrang cultivars as check. The seeds of each cultivar were transplanted into separate trays and after the emergence under the dark conditions, they were covered with the plastic in the nursery. The yield and yield components were measured and the results were analyzed by SAS software. The mean comparison was performed by LSD at P=0.05 probability level. Results and Discussion: The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that the studied cultivars exhibited significant differences in the all meausured agronomic traits. The difference between cultivars was significant in terms of number of days to flowering and maturity stages. Among the cultivars, Shafagh and Hashemi cultivars were the latest matuity cultivars with 127.7 and 115.2 days from planting to maturity, rspectively. Shafagh cultivar with a height of 68.5 cm was recognized as the shortest cultivar. On the other hand, Tarom, Domsiah, Koohrang and Hashemi cultivars were not significantly different from each other where their heights averaged about 120 cm. Domsiah cultivar had the highest total number of seeds and the highest number of filled grains per panicle amongst the cultivars. The 1000-seed weight of the cultivars studied varied from 21.77 g for Kadous cultivar to 19.02 g for Tarom cultivar. In this study, paddy yield was affected by the main effect of year and cultivar and also their interactions. Demsiah cultivar with the average yield of 6436 kg ha-1 was recognized as the most productive cultivar and superior to the control. The Koohrang cultivar had an average yield of 5736 kg ha-1. The lowest yields of 1117 kg ha-1 and 1171 kg ha-1 were obtained from Shafagh and Kadous cultivars, respectively. The correlation coefficients among the evaluated traits showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and number of full grains per panicle, number of fertile stems per plant, plant height and panicle length. In contrast, the correlation between grain yield and unfilled grains per panicle, the number of days to flowering, and the number of days to maturity was negative. As expected, the traits of number of filled grains in panicle and number of filled panicle in the plant as important yield components had a very strong and positive correlation with the grain yield. The yield of rice had the highest correlation with the number of filled grains in panicle (r = 0.85**). Conclusion: According to the combined analysis of variance, the results of two years of the experiment showed that only Domsiah cultivar was superior to the control and could be recommended for cultivation in Lordegan and other same areas. This cultivar not only had greater number of filled grains in panicle but also a greater number of fertile tillers. The Kouhrang cultivar, as a control, with a yield production of about 7.5 tons per hectare, ranked as secondcultivar after Demsiah. Generally, in the regions with the possibilty of early-season planting, both Sahel and Domsiah cultivars could be recommended, and for the regions where there are no favorable conditions for early planting, only Domsiah cultivar is recommended. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Rice, Plastic cover, Phenological stages, Coefficient correlation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Abuzari Ghazafroudi, A., Honarnejad, R., and Fotoukian M.H. 2003. Evaluation of selection indices in rice cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Iran, 38(1): 25-37. (In Persian with English summary). Ali, M.Y., and Rahman, M.M. 1999. Effect ofseedling age and transpleanting time of late planted Aran Raice. Bangladesh Journal of Development, 5:75-83. Allahgholipour, M., Timourpour, H., Ramezani, A., Bagheri, M., Mohtashami, R., Asterkey, H., and Lotfi, C. 2007. Evaluation of different lines and varieties of rice to introduce a new cultivar in some provinces of the country. Final Report of National Research Project. Rice Research Institute of Rasht. 39 pages.(In Persian with English summary). Amiri, M., and Faraji, H. 2009. Effect of establishment of nursery under plastic cover on yield of some rice cultivars in Lordegan region, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 2(2): 145-152. (In Persian with English summary). Anonymous. 2011. www.chaharmahalmet.ir Bui, C. B., and Tuan, T. M. 1989. Genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Rice Research Newsletter. 14:5-6. Erfani, A., and Nasiri, V.M. 2000. Effect some of the morphological and physiological characteristics on the yield cultivars rice. Rice Research Institute Publications. Mazandaran. Iran. 430p. (In Persian). Esmaeilzadeh, M., Niknejad, Y., Fallah Amoli, H., and Kheyri, N. 2017. Determination of optimum transplanting date for double cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L. CV. Tarom Mahalli) in Mazandaran. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 10(4): 991-1006. (In Persian with English summary). Fallah, A., and Miarostami, P. 2015. Effect of temperature treatments on growth stages and yield of rice varieties in greenhouse. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 104: 94-100. (In Persian with English summary). Hassan-Netaj, E., Pouryosef, M., Babaeian-Heloodar, N., Pirdashti, H., and Bagheri, N. 2013. Comparison of morphological characteristics related to yield of rice promising lines. Agricultural Crop Improvement Research, 5(11): 34-48. (In Persian with English summary). Hossain, M. 1995. Sustaining food security for fragile environoments in Asia: Achievements, Challenges and Implication for Rice. Proceedings of a Conference. IRRI. Manilla, Philippines. 3-23. Kazemi-Arbat, H.1995. Private Cultivation of Cereals. First Edition. Academic Publishing Center. Tehran. 320 pages. (In Persian). Lotfi Chamgawi, L. 2007. Investigation and evaluation of new rice lines for introducing cold resistant cultivars for cold regions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Final report of the research project. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Shahrekord. 45 pages. (In Persian with English summary). Nasiri, M. 2011. Report on the introduction of the Kouhsar cultivar. Assistance of Rice Research Institute of the Country. Amol. 18 pages. (In Persian). Rafiei, M. 2006. Effect of planting date on yield of some rice cultivars under Khorramabad climate conditions. The final report of the research project. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Lorestan. Khorramabad. (In Persian with English summary). Rahim-Soroush, H. 2015. Study on adaptation, comparhson of yield and some important traits of rice genotypes in Central West Asia. Iran. Rice Research Institute of Iran. Rashedmohasel, M. H., 1997. Cereals Cultivation. Jihad-Daneshghahi Publishing of Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. 406 pages. (In Persian). Sabouri, H., Gilaki, J., Jafarzadeh, M. R., and Sabouri, A. 2011. Investigation of compatibility of Iranian and foreign rice cultivars tolerant to drought stress in Gonbad region. Research project. Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad-e-Kavoos. 36 pages. (In Persian). Sinha, P. K., Chauhan, V. S., Prasad, K., and Chauhan J.S. 1991. Genetic divergence in indigenous upland rice varieties. Indian Journal of Genetics, 51: 47-50. Soleimani, A., and Amiri-Larijani, B. 2004. Principles of Rice Cultivation. Extention Publications. First Edition. Tehran. 303 pages. (In Persian). Zamani, G.H., and Alizadeh, M. R. 2005. Characteristics, Identification and Transformation of Various Varieties of Rice of Iran. Rawian-e-Ghalam Publications, Tehran. 204 pages. (In Persian). | ||
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