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نقش سامانه های نوین آبیاری در مدیریت مصرف آب گوجه فرنگی در کشور | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 22، شماره 82، اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 43-64 اصل مقاله (699.06 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2021.351895.1439 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فریبرز عباسی* 1؛ محمد جلینی2؛ محمد خرمیان3؛ سید ابراهیم دهقانیان4؛ اسماعیل مقبلی دامنه5؛ مهرداد نورورزی6؛ افشین یوسف گمرکچی7؛ مهدی طاهری8؛ اسحق زارع مهرانی9؛ علیرضا کیانی10؛ نادر سلامتی11؛ سیدحسن موسوی فضل12؛ علی قدمی فیروزآبادی13؛ پرویز بیات6؛ ابوالفضل ناصری14 | ||
| 1استاد موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسانرضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 4مربی پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، شیراز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 5استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جیرفت، جیرفت، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 6استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بوشهر، بوشهر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 7استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی قزوین، قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 8دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زنجان، زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 9کارشناسی ارشد مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| 10استاد مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 11استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهواز، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 12استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شاهرود، شاهرود، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 13استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان، همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 14دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| توسعة سامانه‌های نوین آبیاری یکی از برنامه‌های وزارت جهاد کشاورزی در چند دهة گذشته بوده است. ارزیابی نقش این سامانه‌ها در افزایش شاخص‌های مدیریت مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی می‌تواند در سیاست‌گذاری‌ها و برنامه-ریزی‌های آیندة کشور موثر باشد. ازاین‌رو، این تحقیق با هدف تعیین شاخص‌های مدیریت مصرف آب در تولید گوجه-فرنگی در کشور و ارزیابی نقش آبیاری قطرهای نواری در افزایش آنها، انجام شد. حجم آب کاربردی و عملکرد محصول در 176 مزرعه که در قطب های تولید این محصول در فصل زراعی (98-1397) انتخاب و اندازه‌گیری شد. مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده با نیاز خالص آبیاری حاصل از روش فائو پن‌من-مانتیث با استفاده از داده‌های هواشناسی و همچنین با مقادیر سند ملی آب مقایسه شدند. در ادامه نیز تاثیر روش آبیاری قطرهای نواری) بر حجم آب کاربردی، راندمان کاربرد و بهره‌وری فیزیکی آب در مناطق مورد مطالعه بررسی شد. میانگین وزنی حجم آب کاربردی در مناطق مورد مطالعه 7729 مترمکعب بر هکتار بود. بهره‌وری آب در مناطق تولید از 33/4 تا 52/9 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب متغیر بود و متوسط آن 10/7 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب به دست آمد. میانگین نیاز خالص آبیاری و راندمان کاربرد آب در مزارع مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب 674 میلی‌متر و 78 درصد بود. کاربرد آبیاری قطرهای نواری نقش موثری در افزایش شاخص‌های مدیریت مصرف آب در مقایسه با روش آبیاری سطحی داشتند. آبیاری قطرهای نواری 25 درصد در کاهش آب کاربردی، 10 درصد در افزایش راندمان کاربرد آب در مزرعه و 16 درصد در ارتقای بهره‌وری آب موثر بوده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بهره‌وری؛ راندمان کاربرد؛ آبیاری قطرهای نواری؛ نیاز خالص آبیاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Role of Modern Irrigation Systems on Tomato Applied Irrigation Water Management in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fariborz Abbasi1؛ M. Jolaini2؛ Mohammad Khorramian3؛ E. Dehghanian4؛ E. Moghbli5؛ M. Nowroozi6؛ Afshin Yousef Gomrokchi7؛ M. Taheri8؛ E. Zare Mehrani9؛ A. Kiani10؛ N. Salamati11؛ syeed Hassan mousavifazl12؛ Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi13؛ P. Bayat6؛ Abolfazl Nasseri14 | ||
| 1Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2AERI | ||
| 3Agricultural Engineering Research Institue, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4AERI | ||
| 5AERI | ||
| 6AREEO | ||
| 7Agricultural Engineering Research Institue, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 8AREEO | ||
| 9AREEO | ||
| 10AREEO | ||
| 11AREEO | ||
| 12AREEO | ||
| 13Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| 14Agricultural Engineering Research Institue, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The Role of Modern Irrigation Systems on Tomato Applied Irrigation Water Management in Iran Introduction Development of modern irrigation systems has been one of the main programs in developing agricultural sector in the past few decades. Assessing the role of these systems in increasing indicators of irrigation water management can play an important role in future national policies and planning. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of appraising water consumption management indicators in tomato production in different regions of Iran and evaluating the role of surface drip irrigation systems in increasing these indicators. Methodology In this study, a field survey was conducted to measure yield and applied irrigation water of tomato under the farmers’ management in tomato production hubs. Volume of applied water by farmers in 176 farms in Fars, South Kerman, Hormozgan, Bushehr, Khorasan Razavi, Qazvin, Khuzestan, Golestan, Zanjan, Hamedan and Semnan provinces with different conditions of climates, irrigation methods (furrows and drip), salinity of irrigation water and soil; and different tomato cultivars were measured during growing season 2018-2019. The measured applied irrigation water values were compared with the net irrigation requirements estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method using meteorological data from the last 10 years, as well as the values of the national water document. Then, the effect of modern irrigation methods (surface drip irrigation) on applied water, application efficiency and physical water productivity was investigated in the study areas. Crop yield was recorded at the end of the growing season and water productivity (WP) was calcucated as the ratio of yield to total applied water (irrigation water and effective rainfall). Analysis of variance was used to investigate the possible difference between yield, applied water and WP among the hubs. Data adequacy was assessed by using the method provided by Sarmad et al. (2001). Results and Discussion The results showed that yield, applied irrigation water and WP in tomato production hubs were significantly different at the P ≤ 0.01. The average volume of applied irrigation water by the farmers was 7729 m3/ha. Water productivity in production areas varied from 4.33 to 9.52 kg/m3 and its average was 7.10 kg/m3. The average net irrigation requirement and irrigation application efficiency were 674 mm and 78%, respectively. Irrigation application efficiency obtained from the studied tomato farms was slightly higher than the average irrigation efficiency in Iran reported by Abbasi et al. (2016). Deficit irrigation was occurred in the fields of some areas such as Bushehr, Golestan and Semnan. Tomato planting time (spring or autumn) affected applied irrigation water, yield and WP. The volume of water used in autumn planted farms (5356 m3/ha) was less than spring planted farms (9831 m3/ha). The average yield of tomatoes in spring planted farms (74.3 t/ha) was significantly higher than the yield of fields planted in autumn (46.1 t/ha). However, the average of WP in spring planting farms (7.7 kg/m3) was higher than the productivity of farms planted in autumn (6.6 kg/m3). The application of surface drip irrigation systems in comparison with furrow irrigation resulted in 25% reducing in applied water, 10% increasing the application efficiency and 16% improving in water productivity. Conclusions In general, the results of this study provide useful information on applied irrigation water management indicators in tomato production to managers and water decision makers within Iran. Proper development and management of drip irrigation systems for row crops such as tomatoes and autumn planting of tomatoes in warm tomato production hubs is recommended for effective use of autumn rainfall. Also, training and application of methods to improve the performance of surface irrigation (using methods to reduce evaporation and the use of low pressure systems) is recommended to increase irrigation efficiency and reduce applied irrigation water. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Application Efficiency, Drip irrigation systems, Productivity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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