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مطالعه کارایی مصرف نور و عملکرد کمّی و کیفی در کشت مخلوط افزایشی اسطوخودوس (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) و بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.) تحت تأثیر کود گاوی و شیمیایی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 37، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 105، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 13-29 اصل مقاله (1.07 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2021.343115.2799 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی نقی زاده* ؛ روح اله مرادی | ||
| استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOR): 98.1000/1735-0905.1400.37.13.105.1.1605.1610 این تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی پتانسیل کشت مخلوط افزایشی اسطوخودوس (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) و بابونه (Matricaria chamomilla L.) جهت بهبود کارایی مصرف نور به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال زراعی 1397-1398 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کود در چهار سطح (1- شاهد، 2- NPK: 69، 46 و 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار، 3- کود گاوی: 20 تن در هکتار و 4- ترکیب NPK با کود گاوی به میزان نصف از هر کدام) و الگوی کاشت در سه سطح (1- کشت خالص اسطوخودوس، 2- کشت خالص بابونه و 3- کشت مخلوط افزایشی دو گیاه اسطوخودوس (گیاه اصلی) و بابونه (گیاه همراه)) بود. نتایج نشان داد که مجموع شاخص سطح برگ دو گیاه در کشت مخلوط به‌طور معنیداری بالاتر از کشت خالص هر دو گیاه بود. استفاده توأم کود گاوی + NPK بالاترین میزان ماده خشک اسطوخودوس (868 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد گل بابونه (366 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد اسانس بابونه (0.56%) و اسطوخودوس (0.80%) و تشعشع جذبی (1321 مگاژول در متر‌مربع) را در تمامی الگوهای کاشت دارا بود. اختلاف معنیداری بین الگوهای کشت از نظر درصد اسانس مشاهده نشد. به‌دلیل هم‌پوشانی کانوپی دو گیاه در الگوی کشت مخلوط، میزان تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده طی فصل رشد در تیمار کشت مخلوط بالاتر از کشت خالص دو گیاه بود. نسبت برابری زمین (LER) بر حسب تشعشع در تیمارهای کودی بین 1.33 تا 1.37 متغیر بود. بالاترین میزان کارایی مصرف نور (1.63 گرم ماده خشک بر مگاژول تشعشع) برای بابونه در کشت مخلوط در تیمار کود گاوی + NPK حاصل شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج تأیید نمود که استفاده از تیمار کود گاوی + NPK و کشت‌مخلوط دو گیاه میتواند راه‌کار مناسبی برای استفاده کاراتر از نور و بهبود عملکرد کمّی و کیفی دو گیاه باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی؛ نسبت برابری زمین؛ جذب نسبی؛ شاخص سطح برگ | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study on the radiation use efficiency and quantitative and qualitative yield in lavender and chamomile additive intercropping under the influence of cow manure and chemical fertilizer | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Naghizadeh؛ R. Moradi | ||
| Department of Plant Productions, Agricultural Faculty of Bardsir, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was conducted to investigate the potential of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) additive intercropping to improve the radiation use efficiency as a factorial based on the randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Bardsir Agricultural Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, in 2018-2019 crop year. The experimental treatments included the fertilizer at four levels (1- Control, 2- NPK: 69-46-25 kg ha-1, 3- Cow manure: 20 t ha-1, and 4- Combination the half values of NPK and cow manure) and the planting pattern at three levels (1- Sole cropping of lavender, 2- Sole cropping of chamomile, and 3- Additive intercropping of lavender (main plant) and chamomile (associated plant)). The results showed that the total leaf area index of the two plants in intercropping was significantly higher than the sole cropping of them. The combined application of cow manure + NPK caused the highest lavender dry matter (DM) (868 kg ha-1), chamomile flower yield (366 kg ha-1), essential oil percentage of chamomile (0.56%) and lavender (0.80%), and radiation interception (1321 MJ m-2) in all the planting patterns. There was no significant difference between the planting patterns in terms of essential oil percentage. Due to the canopy overlap of the two plants in the intercropping, the value of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) intercepted during the growing season in the intercropping treatment was higher than the sole cropping of both plants. The land equivalent ratio (LER) in terms of PAR (LERPAR) varied between 1.33 and 1.37 in fertilizer treatments. The highest radiation use efficiency (1.63 g DM MJ-1 radiation) was obtained for chamomile in the intercropping at the cow manure + NPK treatment. In general, the results illustrated that the application of cow manure + NPK treatment and intercropping of lavender and chamomile could be an appropriate approach for more efficient radiation use and improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of the two plants. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Photosynthetic active radiation, land equivalent ratio, relative intercept, leaf area index | ||
| مراجع | ||
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