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مهار زیستی بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه برنج با استفاده از برخی قارچهای آنتاگونیست | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه پزشکی | ||
| دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 15، بهار و تابستان 1399، صفحه 57-72 اصل مقاله (219.79 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی-پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2020.123711 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا صفری مطلق* 1؛ حکیمه روشنی2 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران | ||
| 2گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، موسسه آموزش عالی دیلمان، لاهیجان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه برنج با عامل Fusarium fujikuroi از بیماریهای مهم برنج در دنیا و ایران می‌باشد که مدیریت تلفیقی آن با روشهای مختلف اهمیت زیادی دارد. در این پژوهش به منظور دستیابی به جدایههای آنتاگونیست قارچی مناسب برای مهار زیستی این بیماری، اثر چهار جدایه از Trichoderma spp. و سه جدایه از Aspergillus spp.، روی قارچ بیمارگرF. fujikuroi با استفاده از روشهای کشت متقابل، کشت روی اسلاید، متابولیتهای فرّار و متابولیتهای غیرفرّار در آزمایشگاه بررسی شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که در کشت متقابل جدایه T. harzianum با 81/81 درصد موثرترین جدایه در مهار رشد میسلیومی بیمارگربود. در روش متابولیتهای فرار، جدایههایT. harzianum و T. virens، با 33/73 درصد مؤثرترین جدایهها در مهار رشد میسلیومی F. fujikuroi بودند. در روش متابولیتهای غیرفرّار، جدایههای A. awamori، T. viride وT. koningi بیشترین درصد مهار F. fujikuroi را از خود نشان دادند. در روش کشت روی اسلاید تمامی جدایههای متعلق به Trichoderma و Aspergillus در مهار بیمارگر موفق بودند. این جدایههای قارچی روی گیاه برنج در شرایط گلخانه مایهزنی شدند. تمامی قارچهای مایهزنی شده قادر به کاهش شدت بیماری در گیاهان تیمار شدهبودندکه جدایههایT. harzianum و T. virens بهترتیببا کاهش شدت بیماری به میزان 83 و 79 درصد مؤثرترین قارچها در بررسیهای گلخانه‌ای بودند. همچنین به‌کارگیری همه جدایههای مورد مطالعه در گلخانه موجب افزایش ارتفاع، وزن تر و وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه در حضور قارچ عامل بیماری در مقایسه با شاهد بیمار گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین تیمارها تفاوت معنیدار قارچهای مورد استفاده در مطالعات گلخانه‌ای به جز در صفت وزن خشک را نشان داد. با توجه به نتایج بهدست آمده از بررسیهای بیوکنترل در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه، جدایههایT. harzianum، T. virens و T. viride مؤثرترین آنتاگونیستهادر کنترل بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه برنج بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| برنج؛ پوسیدگی طوقه برنج؛ کنترل بیولوژیک؛ Aspergillus spp؛ Trichoderma spp | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biological control of rice foot rot disease using some antagonistic fungi | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh1؛ Hakimeh Roshani2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, Deylaman Institute for High Education, Lahijan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rice foot rot disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is one of the most important rice diseases in the world and in Iran. Integrated management with different methods is very important for the disease. In this research, to find appropriate fungal antagonistic isolates for the biological control of foot rot, the effect of four isolates of Trichoderma spp. and three isolates of Aspergillus spp. were studied on F. fujikuroi in vitro using dual culture, slide culture, volatile metabolites and non–volatile metabolites. The results of research showed that T. harzianum isolate with 81.81% was the most effective isolate in suppressing the mycelium growth of F. fujikuroi. In the volatile metabolites method, T. harzianum and T. virens isolates were the most effective with 73.33% in suppressing the mycelium growth of the pathogen. In the non–volatile metabolites method, A. awamori, T. viride and T. koningi isolates showed the highest percentage of F. fujikuroi inhibition. In the slide culture method, all isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Aspergillus spp. proved to be effective in inhibition of the mycelia of F. fujikuroi. These fungal isolates were inoculated on the rice plant under greenhouse conditions. All inoculated fungi were able to reduce the severity of the disease in the treated plants. The isolates of T. harzianum and T. virens were the most effective fungi in reducing the disease by reducing the severity by 83% and 79%, respectively. Also, application of all the studied fungi in the greenhouse increased the height, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots and roots in the presence of pathogen compared to the control plants (without pathogen). Analysis of variance and comparison of the mean of the treatments showed a significant difference between the fungi except in the dry weight trait. According to the results obtained from biocontrol studies in laboratory and greenhouse, T. harzianum, T. virens and T. viride isolates were the most effective antagonists in controlling rice foot rot disease. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aspergillus spp, bakanae, biological control, rice, Trichoderma spp | ||
| مراجع | ||
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