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اثرات تغذیه نیتروژن و محلولپاشی سیتوکینین بر مؤلفه‌های جوانه‌زنی بذرهای تولیدی گندم در شرایط گرمای انتهای فصل | ||
| علوم و فناوری بذر ایران | ||
| دوره 9، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 20، آذر 1399، صفحه 57-73 اصل مقاله (1.04 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsst.2020.126219.1276 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی قاطعی* 1؛ حمیده آزاد قوجه بیگلو2؛ قاسم پرمون3 | ||
| 1دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان-دانشکده کشاورزی-گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی | ||
| 2دانشگاه زابل، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز | ||
| 3دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور مطالعه خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی بذرهای گندم رقم چمران حاصله از پایههای مادری تیمار شده با سطوح مختلف نیتروژن و محلولپاشی سیتوکینین تحت تأثیر تنش گرمای انتهای فصل، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملأ تصادفی با چهار تکرار در آزمایشگاه تکنولوژی بذر دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کاربرد مقادیر صفر، 75، 150 و 225 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و سه سطح محلولپاشی هورمون سیتوکینین (صفر، 50 و 100 میکرومولار) روی گیاه مادری که در دو تاریخ کشت (تاریخ کاشت بهینه و تاریخ کاشت با تأخیرکه جهت مواجه شدن گیاه با تنش گرمای انتهای فصل) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات ساده کود نیتروژن بر تمامی صفات به استثنای وزن خشک ساقهچه و ریشهچه، شاخص وزنی قدرت، کارایی و کسر ذخایر بذر و وزن هزار دانه، دارای اثر معنیدار بود؛ در حالی که اثر تاریخ کشت بر تمامی خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی (به استثنای وزن خشک ساقهچه) معنیدار بود. اثر محلولپاشی سطوح مختلف هورمون سیتوکینین بر گیاه مادری، تنها بر درصد و یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی، زمان لازم برای 90 درصد جوانه‌زنی، شاخص طولی قدرت و تحرک ذخایر بذر و وزن هزار دانه اثر معنیدار نشان داد. نتایج اثرات متقابل نشان داد که تیمار مصرف نیتروژن در تاریخ کشت دیر هنگام (تنش) بیشترین سرعت جوانه‌زنی (0/30 جوانه در روز) را داشت. بیشترین تحرک (1/6 میلیگرم در میلیگرم) و شاخص قدرت بذر (17/19) از تیمار سطوح بالای نیتروژن و سیتوکینین حاصل شد. اثرات سهگانه کود نیتروژن، هورمون سیتوکینین و تاریخ کاشت نیز نشان داد، بیشترین درصد جوانه‌زنی (100 درصد) گندم در تاریخ کشت توصیه شده و سطوح بالای سیتوکینین و نیتروژن و کمترین مقدار آن (66 درصد) از تاریخ کاشت دیر هنگام (تنش)، 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و عدم کاربرد سیتوکینین به دست آمد. به طور کلی هورمون سیتوکینین مقاومت به تنش گرمای انتهای فصل گندم و درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر تولیدی را افزایش داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنش گرمایی؛ هورمون گیاهی؛ تاریخ کشت؛ مؤلفه‌های جوانه‌زنی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of nitrogen nutrition and cytokinin spraying on germination components of wheat seed production in terminal heat stress condition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| ALI GHATEI1؛ Hamideh Azad2؛ ghasem parmoon3 | ||
| 1Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan-Faculty of agriculture-Department of Plant Production and Genetics | ||
| 2university of Zabol,Collage of Agriculture,Department of Horticulture and Plant Breeding, Zabol., Iran | ||
| 3University of Mohaghegh Ardabili | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to study germination characteristics of wheat seeds Chamran cultivar of wheat obtained from Plant that treated with different levels of nitrogen and spraying cytokinin under heat stress conditions, this research carried out in factorial experiment in randomized complete design with four replications at seed technology laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. In both conditions Normal (optimum planting date) and Terminal heat stress (late planting date), nitrogen (N) was in four levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg.ha-1) and cytokinin (Ck) was in three levels (0, 50 and 100 µM). The results showed the simple effects of N fertilizer on all traits, with the exception of hypocotyl and radicle dry weight, weight vigor index, FMOB, SRUE and thousand grain weight were effective significantly. Effect of planting date was effective significantly on all traits, with the exception of hypocotyl dry weight. The cytokinin (Ck) was effective significantly only on germination percentage, germination uniformity, D90, Length vigor index, SRUE and thousand grain weights. Results of interaction showed treatment of N× planting date had the most Germination rate (0.03 per day). The most mobility of seed reserves (1.6 mg per mg seed) and seed vigor (17.19) was obtained from high levels of N×CK treatment. The effect of N ×Ck× planting showed the most germination (100%) was obtained from high levels of N×Ck treatment and the less germination percentage (66%) was obtained from treatment of late planting date and 150 kg ha-1 N and without cytokinin. so cytokinin increased the resistance of wheat against terminal heat stress and increased germination percentage of seed produced. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Heat stress, Plant hormone, planting date, Germination components | ||
| مراجع | ||
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