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واکاوی علائم تخریب مراتع از دیدگاه گله داران روستایی وعشایری مراتع قشلاقی شمال شرق استان گلستان | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 27، شماره 4، دی 1399، صفحه 763-771 اصل مقاله (705.07 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2020.123151 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا شهرکی1؛ خدیجه مهدوی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان و کارشناس اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گلستان، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نور. مازندران، ایران، و استادیار گروه پژوهشی کشاورزی و صنایع تبدیلی مرکز تحقیقات کنترل کیفیت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نور. مازندران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| عوامل متعددی باعث تغییرات منفی در وضعیت کیفی و کمی مراتع می‌گردد که منجر به به سیر نزولی و تخریب شدید خاک، پوششگیاهی و در نهایت کاهش درآمد بهره‌برداران میگردند. دامداران و گلهداران به دلیل وابستگی معیشتی به مرتع، دارای تجربۀ بومی مدیریتی در این زمینه هستند. تحقیق حاضر نیز با هدف واکاوی شاخصهای مؤثر در روند نزولی مراتع از دیدگاه گلهداران مراتع قشلاقی شمال شرقی استان گلستان انجام شده است. این تحقیق از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و به صورت پیمایشی، با روش نمونهگیری طبقهبندی شده تصادفی در بین گلهداران منطقه مورد مطالعه صورت گرفت. جهت جمعآوری دادهها از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. روایی ابزار تحقیق با استفاده از دیدگاه متخصصان و پایایی آن بر اساس نتایج ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای متغیرهای اصلی تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق را 461 نفر از گلهداران در دو نظام بهرهبرداری روستایی و عشایری تشکیل داده که 182 نفر از آنها از طریق فرمول کوکران به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، گرایش نزولی مراتع توسط گلهداران بیشتر با شاخصهای دامی نسبت به شاخصهای پوشش گیاهی و خاکی، تشخیص داده میشود. بر اساس یافتۀ تحقیق، بین متغیرهای سن و سابقۀ دامداری گلهداران با دیدگاه آنها نسبت به تشخیص گرایش نزولی مراتع در سطح 99 و 95 درصد اطمینان رابطۀ مثبت و معنیداری وجود داشته است. همچنین نتایج به دست آمده از مقایسه دیدگاه گلهداران در دو نظام روستایی وعشایری نشان داد که، گلهداران عشایری نسبت به گلهداران روستایی نسبت به شاخصهای روند نزولی مراتع آشنایی بیشتری داشتهاند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| مرتع؛ تخریب؛ گله‌دار؛ عشایر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of rangeland destruction symbols from the viewpoint of rural and nomadic stakeholders in Northeast Golestan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammadreza Shahraki1؛ Khadijeh Mahdavi2 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan and MS.C Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management Golestan Province, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant of Department of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Nour branch, Mazandarzn. Iran and Assistant of Agricultural and Transformation Industries Research Group, Quality Control Research Center, Islamic Azad University, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| A number of factors cause negative changes in the quality and quantity of rangelands, which leads to downward sloping and severe soil degradation, vegetation cover, and ultimately decrease the income of stakeholders. Stakeholders and ranchers have an indigenous managerial experience at their rangelands because of their dependence on rangelands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective indices of rangelands downstream from the viewpoint of stakeholders in northeastern Golestan province. This research was a descriptive- applied one in terms of purpose, and it was surveyed by random stratified sampling method among the stakeholders in the study area. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the research instrument was evaluated using the experts' viewpoints and its reliability was evaluated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the main variables of the study. The statistical population of the study consisted of 461 stakeholders in two rural and nomadic farming systems that 182 of them were selected by Cochran formula as sample size. The results showed that the downward trend of rangelands is more often detected by stakeholders with livestock indices than by vegetation and soil indices. According to the findings of the study, there was a positive and significant relationship between age and past livestock variables with stakeholder's view of rangeland's downward signs at 99 and 95% confidence level. According to the research findings, there was a positive and significant relationship between age variables and stakeholder's pastoral background with their view of detecting the downward trend of rangelands at 99 and 95% confidence level. Also, the results obtained from comparing the stakeholder's views in the two rural and nomadic systems showed that the nomadic stakeholder were more familiar with the indicators of the downward trend of the rangelands to rural stakeholder. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Rangeland, Destruction, Stakeholder, Nomadism | ||
| مراجع | ||
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