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تعیین مناسبترین تاریخ کاشت و اکوتیپ سیر (Allium sativum L.) در جنوب کرمان | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 128، آذر 1399، صفحه 73-94 اصل مقاله (745.03 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2020.110381.1366 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یداله میرزایی1؛ سید محمد علوی سینی* 1؛ سعید یاراحمدی2 | ||
| 1عضو هیأت علمی بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران | ||
| 2دکترای اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه ساری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور دستیابی به مناسبترین اکوتیپ و تاریخ کاشت و همچنین برآورد تنوع ژنتیکی و وراثت‌پذری صفات آزمایشی به مدت دو سال در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان اجرا شد. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل برپایه طرح بلوک-های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار بود. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد تاریخ کاشت‌های مختلف از لحاظ اکثر صفات به‌جزء ماده خشک و تعداد لایه‌های پوششی با یکدیگر متفاوت هستند. اثر اکوتیپ بر روی تمامی صفات معنی‌دار بود بطوریکه بیشترین عملکرد به اکوتیپ‌های مازندران و گیلان اختصاص یافت. همچنین مشخص شد صفات درصد گلدهی، تعداد سیرچه، وزن سیرچه، وزن پیاز و عملکرد تحت تاثیر اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت در اکوتیپ قرار می‌گیرند بطوریکه بالاترین مقدار عملکرد مربوط به اکوتیپ‌های جیرفت و شهداد در تاریخ کاشت 15 شهریور می‌باشد. ضریب تغییرات ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بالا برای صفات درصد گلدهی، تعداد سیرچه، وزن سیرچه و وزن پیاز مشاهده شد. وراثت پذیری عمومی برای صفات درصد گلدهی، تعداد سیرچه ها، وزن سیرچه و وزن پیاز بالا بدست آمد که نشان می‌دهد این صفات بیش تر تحت تاثیر ژنتیک هستند و احتمال مشاهده صفات با همین کیفیت در نسل بعد بیشتر است. تجزیه کلاستر اکوتیپ‌ها را در سه گروه قرار داد. اکوتیپ‌های هر گروه قرابت ژنتیکی بالایی با یکدیگر دارند. در نهایت رتبه بندی بر اساس روش آروناچالام و باندیوپادیای نشان داد که مناسبترین اکوتیپ از بین اکوتیپ‌های مطالعه شده، اکوتیپ جیرفت می‌باشد. بنابراین توصیه می گردد در این منطقه از اکوتیپ جیرفت جهت کشت استفاده گردد و کشت در شهریورماه انجام شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اکوتیپ؛ تجزیه خوشه ای؛ وراثت پذیری عمومی؛ درصد گلدهی؛ وزن سیر؛ وزن سیرچه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determination of the most suitable planting date and garlic ecotype (Allium sativum L.) in South Kerman | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Yadollah Mirzaei1؛ Seid Mohammad Alavi Siney1؛ Saeid Yarahmadi2 | ||
| 1Faculty member of Horticulture Crops Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran. | ||
| 2PhD of plant breeding, University of Sari | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| ]Introduction Garlic (Allium sativum L.) belongs to the Liliaceae family and has more than 800 species around the world (Fritsch et al., 2010). This plant after onion is the second and most consumed alium genus, which has high nutritional value due to its minerals. Asexual propagation of garlic during the centuries may resulte in a genetic restriction. However, the study of ecotypes shows that phenotypic variation is significant in size, color, leaf length, growth habits and agronomic traits such as stress and drought tolerance. In according to Iran was the most important exporting country at the world in the past, the study of ecotypes to meet the demands of domestic markets as well as the export of this product is a necessity. Due to the fact that in south of Kerman province for cultivation and production of garlic from different ecotypes of the country, incompatibility of some ecotypes has caused a lot of problems for the farmers of the region. On the other hand, different planting dates (September to December) it is common in this region where the best ecotypes and planting dates have a great importance for obtaining high yield and can be of great help to the farmers of the region. Material and Methods In order to achieve the best ecotypes and planting dates, as well as to estimate the genetic diversity and heritability of traits, an experiment was carried out for two years at the Agricultural Research Center of Kerman Province. The experiment was a factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Five planting dates and six garlic ecotypes included experiment factors. Traits of flowering percentage, number of coating layers, number of cloves, clove weight, onion weight, onion diameter; dry matter content and yield were measured during growth season. Analysis of variance and mean comparison carried out with using SAS software. Correlation matrix and cluster analysis based on Ward’s method conducted with use of SPSS software. Finally, for the ranking of ecotypes based on all traits, use of Arunachalam and Bandyopadhyay (1984) method. Results and Discussion The results of compound analysis indicated that different planting dates differed in terms of most of the traits, in terms of dry matter and number of coating layers, and it was also determined that the effect of ecotype on all traits was significant, so that Ecotypes of Mazandaran and Guilan had the highest yield. Sandhu et al. (2015) reported a significant difference between ecotypes in terms of all traits. It was also found that the percentage of flowering, number of clove, clove weight, onion weight and yield were affected by the interaction of planting date in ecotype so that the highest yield was related to Jiroft and Shahdad ecotypes in the planting date of September 15. Among the ecotypes studied in this experiment, Gilan and Mazandaran ecotypes had flowering and flowering in other ecotypes was zero. Flowering is a genetic trait and this trait varies among ecotypes. The desirable characteristics of ecotypes related to the south of the country were non-flowering, which shows the superiority of these ecotypes to the ecotypes of Gilan and Mazandaran, although the ecotypes of Gilan and Mazandaran were superior in terms of yield. High broadscence heritability, high genetic and phenotypic coefficients of variation for flowering percentage, number of cloves, clove weight and onion weight were observed, indicating that these traits are more influenced by genetics and the probability of observing traits is higher in the next generation with the same quality. The cluster analysis divided the ecotypes into three groups. This indicates the genetic similartiy of each group ecotype. Conclusion Finally, the ranking based on Arunachalam and Bandiopadia (1984) showed that the most suitable ecotype among the studied ecotypes is the Jiroft ecotype so that there is no delay in its cultivation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Broadscence Heritability, Clove weight, Cluster analysis, Ecotype, Flowering percentage, Bulb weight | ||
| مراجع | ||
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