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تأثیر تاریخ کاشت، نیتروژن و فسفر بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum) | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 128، آذر 1399، صفحه 54-72 اصل مقاله (634.94 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2020.128553.1443 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حامد جوادی1؛ سید غلامرضا موسوی* 2؛ محمدجواد ثقه الاسلامی2؛ هادی شاهبیگی3 | ||
| 1دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 3کارشناس ارشد زراعت وزارت جهاد کشاورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال ۱۳۹5 در منطقه درمیان انجام شد. در این تحقیق تاریخ کاشت به عنوان فاکتور اصلی (۱۰ فروردین و ۱۰ اردیبهشت)، مقادیر نیتروژن به عنوان فاکتور فرعی (۰، ۷۰ و ۱۴۰ کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) و مقادیر فسفر به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی (۰، ۶۰ و ۱۲۰ کیلوگرم در هکتار) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تأخیر در کاشت موجب کاهش طول غلاف (31/8 درصد)، شاخص کلروفیل (02/7 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (1/26 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (47/35 درصد) شد. افزایش مصرف نیتروژن موجب افزایش تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه (به‌جز ارتفاع بوته) شد. به طوری که افزایش مصرف نیتروژن از صفر به 140 کیلوگرم در هکتار موجب افزایش 51/50 درصدی عملکرد دانه شد. همچنین، افزایش مصرف فسفر موجب افزایش شاخص کلروفیل، تعداد غلاف در متر مربع، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت شد. افزایش مصرف فسفر از صفر به 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار باعث افزایش 24/24 درصدی عملکرد دانه شد. اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و نیتروژن بر تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن هزار دانه معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، برای دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد دانه در شنبلیله تاریخ کاشت 10 فروردین، مصرف 140 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر در منطقه بیرجند پیشنهاد می‌گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| "شنبلیله"؛ "صفات مورفولوژیکی"؛ "عملکرد"؛ "شاخص کلروفیل"؛ " غلاف" | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of planting date, nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| hamed javadi1؛ Gholam Reza Moosavi2؛ Mohammad Javad Seghatoleslami2؛ Hadi Shahbeygi3 | ||
| 1Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 3Master of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Medicinal crops production is well interested in Iran due to market demand in recent years. Silybum marianum L. is an annual or biennial plant, native to the Mediterranean region, which now could be found in other warm and dry regions. Silybium marianum is used traditionally as a hepatoprotective agent and supportive treatment of liver disorders. Its fruits contain flavonolignan compounds, silymarin, which silybin is the main constitute (Abdolahzareh et al., 2012). Management of planting date and integrated nutrition systems in medicinal plants have to be considered. Sowing date affects the crop yields through changing weather parameters in the growth period. In addition to planting date, fertilizers rate and type, has an influence on crop production. Today continuous and excessive application of chemical fertilizers may have negative impacts on soil health and environment causing environmental problems (Mohammadpour Vashvaei et al., 2017). Bio-fertilizers are considered as sustainable alternative sources of nutrients compared to the synthesized fertilizers. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of sowing date and fertilizing system (chemical, biological and integrated) on the morphological traits and yield of the milk thistle under Birjand, Iran conditions. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out at the research farm of Birjand branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran, in 2018. The experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Three sowing dates (March 6, April 4 and May 5) and 6 fertilizing systems (non-fertilizer as control, NPK, vermicompost, Akadin, 50% NPK + 50% vermicompost, 50% NPK + 50% Akadin) were as main plots and sub plots respectively. In the study the responses of some morphological traits and yield of Milk Thistle were evaluated. Soil texture in the site of study was loam. Soil pH and EC were 7.4 and 2.3 mmos/cm respectively. Nitrogen, P, and K content of the soil were 3.8, 11.6 and 75.2 mg/kg at the depth of 0-30 cm, respectively. All data were analyzed by SAS statistical software and means were compared by LSD Test at 5% level. Results and Discussion: The first planting date (March 6) had the highest average morphological traits (plant height, capitol diameter and number of branches) and seed yield components (capitol number per m2, number of seed per capitol, 1000-seed weight, seed yield). On the other hands the treatments 50% NPK and 50% vermicompost fertilizers had statistical superiority for most of the studied traits. The highest (3327.7 kg/ha) and the lowest (318.4 kg/ha) seed yield were related to the treatments NPK+ vermicompost at the first planting date and treatment of non-fertilizer application at the third planting date, respectively. It seems that seed yield declining for the planting date of May 5, was related to the shortening of growth season and the coincidence of pollination with summer heating. This caused a severe decrease in the number of capitol per m2 and the number of seed per capitol. Normally, using organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers improves physical aspects of the soil; increases microorganisms activity in the soil, nutrients availability, photosynthesis, yield components and eventually seed yield (Mohammadpour Vashvaei et al., 2017). Similar results also have been reported by Zarghani et al. (2019). Morphological traits quantity positively correlated to yield components and seed yield. Thus the highest value for these traits were observed for the first planting date under using NPK+ vermicompost. As a result, the superiority of seed yield of Silybum marianum in this treatment compared to other treatments, was to be expected. The results of regression analysis showed that traits capitol diameter, number of capitol per m2, number of seed per capitol and 1000-seed weight were entered into the regression model, which explained 84.57% of total seed yield changes. Conclusions: In general, the planting date of March 6 was superior to the other two planting dates and this planting date could be suggested as a suitable date for the cultivation of Milk Thistle in Birjand region under using 50% NPK+ 50% vermicompost. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| "Chlorophyll index", "Fenugreek", " Morphological traits", "Pods", "Yield" | ||
| مراجع | ||
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