| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,080 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,357 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,720,794 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,757,151 |
واکنش عملکرد دانه ارقام جدید گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) به تاریخ کاشت براساس شاخص‌های زراعی- اقلیمی درشرایط محیطی گرگان | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 1، فروردین 1399، صفحه 1-31 اصل مقاله (1.08 M) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppi.2020.122874 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حبیب اله سوقی* 1؛ منوچهر خدارحمی2؛ سعید باقری کیا1؛ مهدی نظری1 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با هدف واکاوی عملکرد دانه ارقام تجاری جدید گندم نان در تاریخ کاشت‌های مختلف بر اساس شاخص‌های زراعی- اقلیمی در شرایط محیطی گرگان، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی (1398-1396) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان به اجرا در آمد. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. پنج تاریخ کاشت 10آبان ، 25 آبان، 10 آذر، 25 آذر و 10 دی در کرت‌های اصلی و چهار رقم گندم نان بهاره شامل: احسان، تیرگان، معراج و کلاته در کرت‌های فرعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه و تعداد سنبله در متر مربع در دو سال آزمایش تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشتند. در تاریخ کاشت سوم (10 آذر) بیشترین عملکرد دانه 6157/9 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بدست آمد. طول دوره پر شدن دانه در تاریخ کاشت سوم با وجود اختلاف یک ماهه با تاریخ کاشت اول (به ترتیب 42/37 و 42/21 روز) تفاوت معنی دار نداشت. شرایط مطلوبی از نظر ارتفاع گیاه و عدم خوابیدگی برای ارقام مختلف فراهم بود. در تاریخ کاشت سوم شرایطی بهینه، از نظر دما، طول روز، رطوبت نسبی وکارایی مصرف انرژی در طول دوره پر شدن دانه برای ارقام مختلف گندم ایجاد کرد و در این تاریخ کاشت بیشترین مقادیر از نظر شاخص‌های زراعی- اقلیمی شامل درجه - روز رشد (GDD)، طول روز (DL)، واحدهای دمایی-نوری (PTU)، واحدهای دمایی-رطوبتی (HYTU) و کارایی مصرف انرژی فراهم شد. ارقــام کلاته و تیرگان به ترتیب بیشترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند و عملکرد آن‌ها بطور معنی‌داری بیشتر از ارقام احسان و معراج بود. تعداد سنبله در متر مربع در ارقام مذکور نیز بطور معنی‌داری بیشتر از سایر ارقام بود. طول دوره رشد رقم کلاته کوتاهتر از سایر ارقام بود (بدون تفاوت در طول دوره پر شدن دانه) که باعث فرار گیاه از تنش‌های گرما و خشکی انتهایی، افزایش کارایی مصرف انرژی و در نتیجه افزایش عملکرد دانه شد. براساس نتایج این آزمایش تاریخ کاشت و رقم مناسب و سازگار نقش کلیدی در مدیریت دوره پر شدن دانه و افزایش عملکرد دانه داشتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| عملکرد دانه؛ کارایی مصرف انرژی؛ دوره پر شدن دانه؛ گلدهی؛ اقلیم گرم و مرطوب شمال | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Response of Grain Yield of New Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars to Sowing Date Based on Agro-Climatic Indices Under Gorgan Environmental Conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| H. Soughi1؛ M. Khodarahmi2؛ S. Bagherikia1؛ M. Nazari1 | ||
| 1Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 2, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To study the response of grain yield of commercial bread wheat cultivars to different sowing dates based on agro-climatic indices, a field experiment was carried-out in Gorgan agricultural research station, Gorgan, Iran, in 2017-18 and 2018-19 cropping cycles. . The experimental design was split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with four replications. Five sowing dates; 01 November, 16 November, 01 December, 16 December and 31 December were assigned to main plots, and four spring wheat cultivars; Ehsan, Tirgan, Meraj and Kalateh were randomized in subplots. The results showed that grain yield and number of spike per square meter were not significantly different in two cropping cycles. The highest grain yield (6157.9 kg ha-1) was obtained in the third sowing date, however, the grain filling period was not affected (42.37 and 42.21 days, respectively) despite one-month difference, with the first sowing date. It implies that the third sowing date (16 December) provided favorable conditions for crop growth and no lodging was observed in different cultivars. In the third sowing date, optimal conditions; temperature, day length, relative humidity and energy use efficiency during grain filling period were established for different wheat cultivars, therefore, the highest values were obtained for agro-climatic indices; growing degree days (GDD), day length (DL), photo-thermal units (PTU), hydro-thermal units (HYTU) and energy use efficiency. Kalateh and Tirgan cultivars had the highest grain yield, respectively, and their grain yields were significantly greater than Ehsan and Meraj cultivars. Also, the number of spike per square meter was significantly greater in these two cultivars. The growth period in cv. Kalateh was shorter than the other cultivars, no difference in duration of grain filling period, which caused the plant to escape terminal heat and drought stresses, increasing energy use efficiency and consequently increasing grain yield. According to the results of this study, suitable sowing date and adapted cultivar played key roles in managing grain filling period and increasing grain yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Grain yield, energy use efficiency, grian filling period, anthesis, northern warm and humid agro-climatic zone | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Acevedo, E., Silva, P., and Silva, H. 2002. Wheat growth and physiology. pp. 39-70. In: Curtis, B. C., Rajaram, S., and Gomez- Macpherson, H. (eds.) Bread wheat: improvement and production. FAO. Rome.
Ahmad, L., Kanth, R. H., Parvaze, S., and Mahdi, S. S. 2017. Growing degree days to forecast crop stages. pp .95-98. In: Ahmad, L., Kanth, R. H., Parvaze, S., and Mahdi, S. S. (eds.) Experimental agrometeorology: a practical manual. Springer.
Ahmadi, K., Abadzadeh, H., Abdashah, H., Kazemian, A., and Rafiee, M. 2018. Agricultural statistics in cropping season 2016-2017. Publications of Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. Tehran, Iran. 124 pp. (in Persian).
Amrawat, T., Solanki, N., Sharma, S., Jajoria, D., and Dotaniya, M. 2013. Phenology growth and yield of wheat in relation to agrometeorological indices under different sowing dates. African Journal of Agricultural Research 8: 6366-6374.
Andarzian, B., Hoogenboom, G., Bannayan, M., Shirali, M., and Andarzian, B. 2015. Determining optimum sowing date of wheat using CSM-CERES-Wheat model. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 14: 189-199.
Anonymous. 2018. Global warming of 1.5℃: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty, intergovernmental panel on climate change. 616 pp.
Anonymous. 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): Available http://www .fao.org/faostat/en/#home. Last accessed on 12 October 2019.
Aslam, M. A., Ahmed, M., Stöckle, C. O., Higgins, S. S., and Hayat, R. 2017. Can growing degree days and photoperiod predict spring wheat phenology? Frontiers in Environmental Science 5: 57.
Asseng, S., Ewert, F., Martre, P., Rötter, R. P., Lobell, D. B., Cammarano, D., Kimball, B., Ottman, M. J., Wall, G., and White, J. W. 2015. Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production. Nature Climate Change 5: 143.
Bauer, A., Fanning, C., Enz, J. W., and Eberlein, C. 1984. Use of growing-degree days to determine spring wheat growth stages. Extension Bulletin-North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science, Cooperative Extension Service, USA 37: 1-12.
Camargo, A. V., Mott, R., Gardner, K. A., Mackay, I. J., Corke, F., Doonan, J. H., Kim, J. T., and Bentley, A. R. 2016. Determining phenological patterns associated with the onset of senescence in a wheat MAGIC mapping population. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 1540.
Daba, K., Warkentin, T. D., Bueckert, R., Todd, C. D., and Tar’an, B. 2016. Determination of photoperiod-sensitive phase in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 478.
Farooq, M., Bramley, H., Palta, J. A., and Siddique, K. H. 2011. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grain-filling phases. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 30: 491-507.
Farooq, M., Hussain, M., and Siddique, K. H. 2014. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grain-filling periods. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 33: 331-349.
Fischer, R. A., and Stapper, M. 1987. Lodging effects on high-yielding crops of irrigated semidwarf wheat. Field Crops Research 17: 245-258.
Ghaffari, A., and Jalal Kamali, M. 2013. Wheat productivity in Islamic Republic of Iran: Constraints and opportunities. pp. 98-11. In Paroda, R., Dasgupta, S., Mal, B., Singh, S.S., Jat, M. L., and Singh, G. (eds.) Proceedings of the regional consultation on improving wheat productivity in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand.
Gudadhe, N., Kumar, N., Pisal, R., Mote, B., and Dhonde, M. 2013. Evaluation of agrometeorological indices in relation to crop phenology of cotton (Gossipium spp.) and chickpea (Cicer aritinum L.) at Rahuri region of Maharashtra. Trends in Biosciences 6: 246-250.
Gupta, M., Sharma, C., Sharma, R., Gupta, V., and Khushu, M. 2017. Effect of sowing time on productivity and thermal utilization of mustard (Brassica juncea) under sub-tropical irrigated conditions of Jammu. Journal of Agrometeorology 19: 137-141.
Jagadish, K. S., Kishor, K., Polavarapu, B., Bahuguna, R. N., von Wirén, N., and Sreenivasulu, N. 2015. Staying alive or going to die during terminal senescence—an enigma surrounding yield stability. Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 1070.
Jalal Kamali, M. R., Sharifi, H. R., Khodarahmi, M., Jokar, R., Torkaman, H., and Ghavidel, N. 2007. Variation in developmental stages and its relationships with yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars under field conditions I: Phenology. Seed and Plant Jouranl 23 (4): 445-472 (in Persian).
Jalal Kamali, M. R., and Sharifi, H. R. 2010. Variation in developmental stages and its relationship with yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars under field conditions II: Yield and yield components. Seed and Plant Production Journal 26 (1): 1-23 (in Persian).
Kalateh-Arabi, M., Sheikh, F., Soqi, H., and Hivehchie, J., 2011. Effects of sowing date on grain yield and its components of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Gorgan in Iran. Seed and Plant Production Journal 27: 285-296 (in Persian).
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Sharifi, H. R., Zand, E., and Kamali, G. 2001. A simulation study for growth, phenology and yield of wheat cultivars under the doubled CO2 concentration in Mashhad conditions. Desert 6 (2): 117-127 (in Persian).
LI, Q.-y., Jun, Y., Liu, W.-d., Zhou, S.-m., Lei, L., Niu, J.-s., Niu, H.-b., and Ying, M. 2012. Determination of optimum growing degree-days (GDD) range before winter for wheat cultivars with different growth characteristics in North China Plain. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 11: 405-415.
Liu, B., Liu, L., Asseng, S., Zou, X., Li, J., Cao, W., and Zhu, Y. 2016. Modelling the effects of heat stress on post-heading durations in wheat: A comparison of temperature response routines. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 222: 45-58.
Liu, B., Liu, L., Tian, L., Cao, W., Zhu, Y., and Asseng, S. 2014. Post‐heading heat stress and yield impact in winter wheat of China. Global Change Biology 20: 372-381.
Mkhabela, M., Ash, G., Grenier, M., and Bullock, P. 2016. Testing the suitability of thermal time models for forecasting spring wheat phenological development in western Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96: 765-775.
Parmesan, C., and Hanley, M. E. 2015. Plants and climate change: complexities and surprises. Annals of Botany 116: 849-864.
Pérez-Gianmarco, T. I., Slafer, G. A., and González, F. G. 2018. Wheat pre-anthesis development as affected by photoperiod sensitivity genes (Ppd-1) under contrasting photoperiods. Functional Plant Biology 45: 645-657.
Reynolds, M. P., Foulkes, J., Furbank, R., Griffiths, S., King, J., Murchie, E., Parry, M., and Slafer, G. 2012. Achieving yield gains in wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment 35: 1799-1823.
Salazar-Gutierrez, M., Johnson, J., Chaves-Cordoba, B., and Hoogenboom, G. 2013. Relationship of base temperature to development of winter wheat. International Journal of Plant Production 7: 741-762.
SAS Institute. 2011. STAT 9.3 User’s guide. SAS Inst., Cary, NC. USA.
Semenov, M. A., and Stratonovitch, P. 2013. Designing high‐yielding wheat ideotypes for a changing climate. Food and Energy Security 2: 185-196.
Sharifi, H. R. 2016. Response of phenological development stages, grain yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars with different growth habits to delayed planting. Seed and Plant Production Journal 32: 21-44 (in Persian).
Sikder, S. 2009. Accumulated heat unit and phenology of wheat cultivars as influenced by late sowing heat stress condition. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 7 (1and 2): 59-64.
Singh, M. P., and Singh, N. 2014. Thermal requirement of indian mustard (Brassica juncea) at different phonological stages under late sown condition. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 19: 238-243.
Singh, S., Kingra, P., and Singh, S. P. 2016. Heat unit requirement and its utilisation efficiency in wheat under different hydrothermal environments. Annals of Agricultural Research 37: 1-11.
Slafer, G., Abeledo, L., Miralles, D., Gonzalez, F., and Whitechurch, E. 2001. Photoperiod sensitivity during stem elongation as an avenue to raise potential yield in wheat. pp. 487-496. In: Bedo, Z., and Lang, L. (eds.) Wheat in a global environment. Springer.
Slafer, G.A. 2012. Wheat development: its role in phenotyping and improving crop adaptation. pp. 107–121. In Reynolds, M. P., Pask, A. J. D., and Mullan, D.M. (eds.) Physiological breeding I: interdisciplinary approaches to improve crop adaptation. CIMMYT: Mexico-Veracruz, Mexico.
Solanki, N. S., Samota, S. D., Chouhan, B. S., and Nai, G. 2017. Agrometeorological indices, heat use efficiency and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by dates of sowing and irrigation. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 6 (3): 176-180.
Wang, X., Vignjevic, M., Liu, F., Jacobsen, S., Jiang, D., and Wollenweber, B. 2015. Drought priming at vegetative growth stages improves tolerance to drought and heat stresses occurring during grain filling in spring wheat. Plant Growth Regulation 75: 677-687.
Warthinhton, C., and Hatchinson, C. 2005. Accumulated degree days as a model to determine key development stages and evaluate yield and quality of potato in Northeast Florida. Proceedings of State Horticulture Society 118: 98-101.
Zhang, X., Gao, M., Wang, S., Chen, F., and Cui, D. 2015. Allelic variation at the vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity loci in Chinese winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 470.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 420 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 509 |
||