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اثر مدیریت علفهای هرز و منابع کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ذرت علوفهای | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 02 - شماره پیاپی 127، مرداد 1399، صفحه 69-93 اصل مقاله (652.25 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2020.127562.1427 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مریم آریان مهر1؛ علی قنبری* 2؛ رضا قربانی3؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی4؛ رضا خراسانی4؛ قربانعلی اسدی2 | ||
| 1دانشجو دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2هیات علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 4عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مدیریت علفهای هرز و کود نیتروژن در تولید ذرت علوفهای، دو مسئله حائز اهمیت می‌باشند. در این مطالعه اثر روش‌های مختلف کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و منابع کود نیتروژن بر کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ذرت علوفهای ارزیابی شد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در دو سال زراعی 95-1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. روش مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز در سه سطح (کنترل تلفیقی (شیمیایی +مکانیکی)، کنترل شیمیایی و شاهد علف‌های‌هرز) به عنوان عامل کرت اصلی و منبع کود نیتروژن در پنج سطح (اوره، آمونیوم سولفات، کلسیم نیترات، آمونیوم نیترات فسفات و شاهد بدون کود) به عنوان عامل کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند.کارایی کنترل تلفیقی نسبت به کنترل شیمیایی در کاهش وزن خشک علفهای هرز، در سال اول و دوم به ترتیب حدود 68 و 57 درصد بیشتر بود که این کارایی بیشتر منجر به افزایش عملکرد نهایی علوفه خشک ذرت حدود 17 و 14 درصد شد.ضمن اینکه مصرف علف‌کش در کنترل تلفیقی نسبت به کنترل شیمیایی، 25 درصد کاهش یافت. بااین وجود کنترل شیمیایی علفهای هرز نیز موجب کاهش 71 و 79 درصدی وزن خشک علفهای هرز نسبت به شاهد علفهای هرز به ترتیب در سال اول و دوم شد. ب ه‌طورکلی بیشترین عملکرد کمی و کیفی علوفه ذرت شامل (عملکرد ماده خشک، عملکرد پروتئین خام و عملکرد ماده خشک قابل‌هضم) با اعمال کنترل تلفیقی علفهای هرز به همراه مصرف کودهای آمونیوم نیترات فسفات و آمونیوم سولفات حاصل شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کنترل تلفیقی؛ آمونیوم؛ نیترات؛ کیفیت علوفه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of weed management and sources of nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yields of forage maize | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| maryam arianmehr1؛ ali ghanbari2؛ reza ghorbani3؛ Mahdi Nasiri Mahalati4؛ reza khorasani4؛ Ghorban Ali Asadi2 | ||
| 1دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2Faculty member of ferdowsi university | ||
| 3عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Two important factors in producing forage maize (Zea mays L.) are weed control and nitrogen fertilizer management. Low maize yields are typically attributed to low corn growth rate at the beginning of the growing season, wide spacing of plant rows and rapid establishment of weeds. Weeds are a major challenge to row crops and research has usually emphasized on the integrated weed management using chemicals and mechanical control (Chauhan, 2013). In modern agriculture, weed control is primarily done with herbicides due to the effectiveness and ease of use. However, environmental concerns about pollution of groundwater and surface water, have led researchers to focus on integrated weed management and reduced herbicide consumption. On the other, selection of nitrogen fertilizer source may be an important component of weed management. Some studies have investigated nitrogen fertilizer management in order to integrated weed management. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of chemical control and mechanical + chemical control of weeds and different sources of nitrogen fertilizer on weeds control and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage maize. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during the growing season of 2015 -2016. The treatments were control methods of weeds including chemical control, integrated control (mechanical+chemical) and weedy control, and the sources of nitrogen fertilizers including urea (U), ammonium sulfate (AS), calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate phosphate (ANP) and no fertilizer (NF). In this study, Kjeldahl method was used to measure nitrogen content of the forage. Crude protein (CP) of forage maize was calculated using the following equation (1). Measurements of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was done based on Van Soest method (1967). The equation (2), proposed by Oddy et al (1983) was used to determine digestible dry matter (DMD). Equation 1: 6.25 × N (%) = CP (%) Equation 2: DMD (%) =83.58 – 0.82 ×ADF(%) + 2.262 × N(%) Results and Discussion The integrated control of weeds reduced dry matter of weeds compared to chemical control by 68% and 57% in the first and second year of the experiment, respectively (50 days after corn planting), leading to increased dry matter yield of maize by 17% and 14%, respectively. Furthermore, in the integrated control, herbicide consumption decreased 25% compared to chemical control. However chemical control of weeds reduced dry matter of weed compared to weedy control by 71% and 79% in the first and second year, respectively. The greatest dry matter yield (DM-Y), dry matter digestible yield (DMD-Y) and crude protein yield (CP-Y) were observed with the integrated control and ANP or AS application (there were no significant differences between ANP and AS fertilizers), while the lowest DM-Y, DMD-Y and CP-Y were obtained with weedy control (there were no significant differences between fertilizers treatment). Conclusion In the integrated control with proper implementation to reduce weed dry matter, not only did increased quantitative and qualitative yield of forage but also herbicide consumption decreased 25% compared to chemical control. Reducing herbicide consumption through integrated weed management will preserve the environment, improve human health and increase product quality and quantity. On the other hand, it seems that (ANP and AS) as nitrogen fertilizer sources are more effective in terms of increasing maize production compared to other nitrogen sources. It can be suggested, using ANP fertilizer that contains both nitrogen forms (nitrate and ammonium) leads to increasing maize yield. Also, assimilation of ammonium requires the low energy and occurs faster than nitrate in plants. This energy savings may lead to greater dry weight production for plants with an ammonium diet. In addition, the sulfur in AS fertilizer as an essential element for plants may improved plant growth and metabolism. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Integrated control, Ammonium, Nitrate, Quality of forage | ||
| مراجع | ||
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