| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,784 |
| تعداد مقالات | 31,679 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 40,110,206 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 17,604,390 |
تعیین اثر نهایی عوامل اقلیمی و فنوتیپی بر ریسک و میانگین عملکرد لاین‌های گندم آبی در تحقیقات به نژادی | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 02 - شماره پیاپی 127، مرداد 1399، صفحه 1-23 اصل مقاله (710.83 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2019.121330.1271 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هرمز اسدی* 1؛ غلامرضا زمانیان2؛ محمد نبی شهیکی تاش2؛ محمد قربانی3؛ محمد رضا جلال کمالی4 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش دفتر پژوهش های اقتصادی و اجتماعی و تجاری سازی ، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان | ||
| 3استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 4محقق ارشد مرکز بین المللی تحقیقات ذرت و گندم و نماینده سیمیت در ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اهداف این پژوهش، تعیین آثار نهایی مستقیم و غیرمستقیم عوامل اقلیمی و فنوتیپی، سال معرفی رقم به عنوان تلاش بهنژادگران و عوامل مکانی و روند زمانی بر میانگین و واریانس عملکرد دانه لاین‌های گندم آبی کشور یود. در این مطالعه، داده‌های پنل از 24 ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی طی دوره 1393-1374 جمع آوری شد. روش تحقیق استفاده از رویکرد تعادل جزیی بوده بطوریکه برای تعیین آثار نهایی از تابع تولید تصادفی جاست- پاپ و تحلیل فضایی دوربین استفاده گردید. طبق نتایج، متغیرهای مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش به روش ایم، پسران و شین مانا بودند. اثر نهایی مستقیم کلیه متغیرهای فنوتیپی( تعداد روزهای تا ظهور سنبله، تعداد روزهای تا رسیدن فیزیولوژیکی، طول دوره پر شدن دانه و وزرن هزار دانه ) و متغیرهای اقلیمی ( میانگین درجه حرارت سالانه و مجموع بارندگی در فصول زراعی ) بر میانگین و واریانس عملکرد دانه لاین‌های گندم نان آبی از لحاظ آماری معنی‌داری بود. اثر نهایی مستقیم متغیرهای روند زمانی و سال معرفی رقم، بر میانگین و واریانس عملکرد دانه لاین‌های گندم آبی در طول دوره مثبت ولی از لحاظ آماری معنی دار نبود. تلاش بهنژادگران توانست در طول دوره، سالانه میانگین عملکرد دانه لاین‌های گندم نان آبی را 69/5 کیلوگرم در هکتار بهبود بخشد. ضریب تبیین تعدیل شده مدل78/4 درصد محاسبه شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| "تحقیقات گندم"؛ " آثار مستقیم و غیر مستقیم"؛ "تابع تولید تصادفی"؛ "تحلیل فضایی" | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determination of Marginal Effects of Climatic and Phenotypic Factors on Risk and Average Yield of Irrigated Wheat Lines in Breeding Research | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| hormoz asadi1؛ Gholamreza Zamanian2؛ Mohammad.Nabi Shahiki Tash2؛ Mohammad Ghorbani3؛ Mohammadreza Jalal Kamali4 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of socio-economic researches office, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute(SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO ), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor in Economic, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan ,Iran | ||
| 3Professor in Agricultural Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 4Principal Scientist, International Maize and Wheat Research Center (CIMMYT) in Iran, Karaj, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction One of the important and effective economic activities in the field of agricultural economic is release varieties or crop improvement technology. This is done to increase the yield and production of various products and to increase food security, self-reliance and reduce dependency (Aghaei & Asadi, 2010 ). Historically, breeders have focused more on increasing of yield varieties, However, reducing variability and instability in yield of varieties at different locationa and times is considered on important breeding goal (Byerlee & Moya, 1993). A lot of factors especially phenotype factors effect on the mean and risk of lines yield in wheat breeding. The one of important models for determine mutual effect on both mean and risk of lines yield is Just and Pope production function. One of the basic requirement of the Just and Pope model is that there be no a priori restrictions on the marginal risk effects so that an factor could be either risk-increasing or risk-decreasing.(Just and Pope, 1979). The objectives of this research were to determine the direct and indirect marginal effects of environmental and phenotypic factors, variety release year as breeders’ efforts in genetic improvement, location and time trend factors on the mean ans variance of grain yield of irrigated bread wheat lines. Materials and methods In this study, the required panel data were collected from 23 agricultural locations during 1995-2014 in Iran. The methodolgy of this study was partial equilibrium method and the marginal effects of the variables on the mean and variance of wheat grain yield were assessed using stochastic production function of Just and Pope and spatial durbin models(SDMs). Just and Pope production function was estimated with linear functions in three steps as follows: Yht =β 0+ β 1 trend + β 2 DHE + β 3 DMA+ β 4 TGW+ β 5 GFD+ β 6 MTem+ Ɓ7S9Rain + Ɓ8 PH + λ RLyear + ɓ1DLoc1 …+ ɓ23DLoc23 + ϵht Step 1 Ln (ei) 2 = Φ0+ Φ1 trend + Φ2 DHE+ Φ3 DMA+ Φ4 TGW+ Φ5 GFD + Φ6MTem + Φ7 S9Rain + Φ8 PH + Ə RLyear + + ϵh Step 2 Yht =α0+ α 1 trend + α 2 DHE + α 3 DMA+ α 4 TGW+ α 5 GFD+ α 6 MTem+ α 7S9Rain + α 8 PH + λ RLyear + weight + ϵht Step 3 Where; Yht: mean yield of bread wheat lines (kg/ha) in year t, trend: time trend, Ln (ei) 2 : yield risk for bread wheat lines in year t,, DHE: days to heading in year t, DMA: days to physiological maturity, GFD: mean of grain filling duration in year t, TGW: thousand grain weight (TGW) (g) , MTem: mean of annual temperature ( MTem ) (0C), S9Rain: sum of rainfall during cropping season ( S9Rain ) (mm), pH , DLoch: Dummy variables of locations, RLyear(h=1, 2, …..23): variety release year, Φ.β: δ, ɑ: models parameters and ϵht:, residuals Results and Discussion According to the regression results, the study of spatial spillover effects using spatial durbin models (SDM) shwoed that the direct marginal effects of all the phenotypic factors( mean of days to heading, mean of days to physiological maturity, mean of grain filling duration and mean of thousand grain weight) and climatic factors (mean of annual temperature and sum of rainfall during cropping season) on the mean and variance of grain yield of irrigated bread wheat lines were statistically significant. The direct marginal effect of time trend and variety release year on the mean and variance of grain yield of irrigated bread wheat lines was positive but not statistically significant . The annual direct marginal effect of variety release year on the mean of grain yield of irrigated bread wheat lines was estimated to be 69.5 kg/ha in the period of 1995-2014. Adjusted R2 of the model was estimated at 78.4 %. Conclusion In general, the direct marginal effects of all the phenotypic factors on the mean of grain yield of irrigated bread wheat lines was satistically significant. The direct marginal effect of time trend and variety release year on on the mean of grain yield of irrigated bread wheat lines was positive. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| "Wheat Research", "Direct and Indirect Effects", " Stochastic Production Function", " Spatial Analysis" | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aghaei, M., and Asadi, H. 2010. The role of improved varieties in increasing of crops yield in Iran. The key Proceeding of 11th Agronomy and Plant Breeding Congress of Iran, Uuniversity of Shahid Beheshti , Tehran: 1-34. (In Persian). Byerlee, D., and Moya, P. 1993. Impacts of international wheat breeding research in the developing world. 1966-1990, Mexico, D.F CIMMYT. Esfandiarypoor, E., Tavazo, M., Ahmadifar, M., and Khanchi, M .2014. Wheat Seed Multiplication and Supply Programs.The Dputy of Crop Production, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. pp: 228. (In Persian). Farooq, M., Bramtey, H., Palla, J.A., and Siddigue, K. H.M. 2011. Heat stress in wheat durring reproductive and grain filling phases. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30(6), 491-507. Florax, R.J., Folmer, H., and Ray, S.J. 2003. Specification searches in spatial econometrics: The relevance of Hendry’s methodology, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 33: 557-579. Feder, G., Just, R.E., and Ziberman D. 1985. Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries: A survey, Economic, Development and Cultural Change, 33: 255-298. Ghojarati, D. 2011. The Introduction of Econometric. Abrishami(Editors), Publication of Tehran University, Tehran 2(7).( In Persian). Harris, R.D. F., and Tzavalis, E. 1999. Inference for unit roots in dynamic panels where the time dimension is fixed. Journal of Econometrics, 91: 201-226. Heisey P.W., Lantican M.A., and Dubin, H.J .2002. Impacts of international wheat breeding research in developing countries, 1966-97. CIMMYT. Just, R., and Pope, R. 1979. Production function estimation and related risk considerations. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 61: 276-84. Lesage, J., and Pace, R.K. 2009. Introduction to spatial econometrics. Taylor and Francis, Inc. Michalski, J.T. 2012. Wheat varietiesm Technology, Climate and Yield: An analysis using WSU wheat variety test data and interpolated weather records. Dissertation Ph.D. Washington State Universitry, Washington. Nalley, L.L. 2007. The genetic and economic impact of the CIMMYT wheat breeding program: A policy analysis of public wheat breeding. Ph.D dissertation Kansas state university. Kansas. Nalley, L., Moldenhauer, K.A., and Lyman, N. 2011. The genetic and economic impact of the university of Arkansas rice breeding program: 1983-2007. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 43(1), 131-142. Rajaram, S. 2005. Role of conventional plant breeding and biotechnology in future wheat production. Turkish. Journal of Agriculture and forestery, 29: 105-111. Saidi, A., Akbari, A., Heydari, A., and Bakhtiar, F. 2001. Introduction of Cereals Research achievments in 1992-2002. Cereals Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extensi Organization , Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. pp: 55. Shakiba, A.R., Ahmadinejad, M. R., Kamaledin, Z., and Taleghani, F. 2015. The impact of urbanization and its overflows on income distribution of Iran provinces using spatial econometrics approach. Applied Economics Theory, 3:1-26. Traxler, G., Falck-Zepeda, J., Ortiz-Monasterio, A., and Sayere, K. 1995. Production risk and the Evolution of Varieties Technology American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 77:1-7. Yazdi Samadi, B., Mazaheri, D., Valizadeh, M., Rezaee, A.M., Vejdani, P., Koucheki, A., and Abd Mishari, S. 2009. Dictianary of agricultural and natural resources. Vol.1, Agronomy and Breeding Plant, Agricultural Science Group. Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Published University of Tehran, Tehran. (In Persian with English summary). Zahedi, M., and Jenner, C. 2003. Analysis of effects in wheat of temperature ob grain filling attributes estimated from mathematical models of grain filling. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 141(2), 203-212. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 398 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 327 |
||