1.De Vries, A., and M. Marcondes. 2020. Review: Overview of factors affecting productive lifespan of dairy cows. Animal, 14, 155-164.
2.Farhoodi, M., I. Nowrouzian, P. Hovareshti, M. Bolourchi and M. GH. Nadalian. 2000. Factor associated with rectovaginal injuries in Holstein dairy cows in a herd in Tehran. İran. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 46, 143-148.
3.Ghiasi, H., A., Pakdel, A. Nejati-Javaremi, H. Mehrabani-Yeganeh, M. Honarvar, M. González-Recioc, M. J. Carabono and A. Rafael. 2011. Genetic variance components for female fertility in Iranian Holstein cows. Livestock Science. 139, 277-280.
4.Gilbert, R. O., D. G. Wilson, S. A. Levine and W. T. Bosu. 1989. Surgical management of urovagina and associated infertility in a cow. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 194, 931-932.
5.Gilbert, R. O. and S. L. Fubini. 2004. Surgical management of specific condition. In: Farm Animal Surgery. (Fubini, S. L., N. Ducharme, eds.). 2nd edi. Saunders. St. Louis. USA, pp. 355-361.
6.Gonzalez-Martin, J. V., S. Astiz, L. Elvira and F. Lopez-Gatius. 2008. New surgical technique to correct urovagina improves the fertility of dairy cows. Theriogenology, 69, 360-365.
7.Gautam, G. and T. Nakao. 2009. Prevalance of urovagina and its effect on reproductive performance in Holstein cows. Theriogenology, 71, 1451-1461.
8.Hopper, R. M. 2007. Surgical correction of abnormalities of genital organs of cows. pp. 466. In: Youngquist, R. S. and W. R. Threlfall. (2nd edi.), Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, Saunders, St Louis, Missouri. USA.
9.Jean, G.S., B. L. Hull, J. T. Robertson, G. F., Hofsis and G. K. Haibel. 1988. Urethral Extension for Correction of Urovagina in Cattle A Review of 14 Cases. Veterinary Surgery. 17, 258-262.
10.Mohebbi-Fani, M. 2011. Dairy cows: integration of health and herd management. 1st edi., Shiraz University Press. Shiraz. Iran.
11.Parkinson, T. 2019. Infertility in the Cow Due to Functional and Management Deficiencies. pp: 361 - 407. In: Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics 10th Edi., Edited by D. Noakes et al. Elsevier. London. UK.
12.Prado, T. M., J. Schumacher, S.S. Hayden, R. L. Donnell and B. W. Rohrbach. 2007. Evaluation of a modified surgical technique to correct urine pooling in cows. Theriogenology. 67, 1512-1517.
13.Prado, T.M., J. Schumacher and L. J. Dawson. 2016. Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Cows. Veterinary Clinical Food Animal. 32, 727–752.
14. Sardari, K., N. Farzaneh and A. Alavi Tabatabaee. 2005. Urethral extension and caslick's surgery for infertility treatment in pneumovagina cases with sunken anus in Holstein cows. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 27, 63-64.
15.Yusuf, M., T. Nakao, B. Kumari, G. Gautam, S. T. Long, C., Yoshida, K. Koike and A. Hayashi. 2010. Reproductive performance of repeat breeders in dairy herds. Theriogenology. 73, 1220-1229.
16.Yusuf, M., L.M. Rahim and M. A. Asja. 2012. The incidence of repeat breeding in dairy cows under tropical condition. Media Peternakan, 12, 28-31.
17.Zobel, R., S. Tkalčić, I. Štoković, I. Pipal and V. Buić. 2012. Efficacy of Ozone as a Novel Treatment Option for Urovagina in Dairy Cows. Reproduction in ِDomestic Animals. 47, 293-298.