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ارزیابی مؤلفه‌های روان‌آب در کرت‌های آزمایشگاهی با تیمار حفاظتی کاه‌وکلش | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 34، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 130، فروردین 1400، صفحه 112-125 اصل مقاله (957.86 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmej.2020.123747.1162 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مصطفی آدمی1؛ عبدالواحد خالدی درویشان* 2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| حفاظت خاک با هدف کاهش‌دادن روان‌آب و فرسایش برای بهره‌برداری بهینه و پایدار از منابع طبیعی ضروری است. کاه‌وکلش برنج خاک‌پوش آلی دست‌رس و اقتصادی است که می‌توان آن را به‌ویژه در شمال کشور به‌کار برد. در این پژوهش اثر دو تراز پوشش 40 و 70 % کاه‌وکلش برنج بر برخی مولفه‌های کرت‌های 0/5×0/5 متر با دو نوع خاک میانه‌بافت-شنی و میانه‌بافت-شنی-رسی بررسی‌شد. با گرفتن سه تکرار برای هر تیمار، در مجموع 36 کرت با شیب 18% در شبیه‌سازی باران با دو شدت بارندگی 50 و90 میلی‌متر در ساعت آزموده شد. نتیجه‌ها نشان داد که کاه‌وکلش برنج در همه‌ی تیمارها تاثیر معنی‌داری در تراز اعتماد 99% بر افزایش زمان شروع و پایان روان‌آب، کاهش ضریب روان‌آب و میزان روان‌آب پس از پایان بارندگی دارد. بیش‌ترین تغییر افزایشی زمان شروع روان‌آب و کاهشی ضریب روان‌آب در پوشش 70% کاه‌وکلش در خاک میانه‌بافت-شنی-رسی به‌ترتیب با 353% افزایش و 108% کاهش نسبت به تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی پوشش 40% کاه‌وکلش تاثیر کاهنده‌ی بیش‌تری بر روان‌آب در خاک میانه‌بافت-شنی داشت، درحالی‌که اثرگزاری پوشش 70% کاه‌وکلش بر کاهش روان‌آب در خاک میانه‌بافت-شنی-رسی بیش‌تر بود. با افزایش رس، برای جلوگیری‌کردن از تخریب خاک‌دانه‌های سطحی خاک و در نتیجه افزایش‌دادن نفوذ و کاهش‌دادن ضریب روان‌آب به پوشش بیش‌تری نیاز است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اصلاح‌کننده‌ی آلی؛ بافت خاک؛ حفاظت خاک؛ شبیه‌ساز باران؛ ضریب روان‌آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of Runoff Components in Laboratory Plots with Straw Conservation Treatment | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mostafa Adami1؛ Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan2 | ||
| 1Former Master Student, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soil conservation aimed at reducing runoff and erosion is essential for the optimal and sustainable use of natural resources. Rice straw can be used as affordable and available organic mulch, especially in the north of the country. Effects of two coverage levels of 40 and 70% of rice straw on some hydrological components of 0.5×0.5 m plots with two types of soil with sandy-loam and sandy-clay-loam textures were investigated. Considering three replications for each treatment, 36 plots with a slope of 18% were placed under a rainfall simulator with two rainfall intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1. The results showed that rice straw in all studied treatments had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on increasing time to runoff initiation and its end time, reducing runoff coefficient and runoff volume after the end of rainfall. The Maximum incremental changes in time to runoff and maximum decrease in runoff coefficient was in the 70% of straw treatment on the sandy-clay-loam texture with 353% increase and 108% decrease compared to control treatment, respectively. In general, 40% of straw coverage was more effective in reducing runoff in the sandy-loam soils, while the effect of 70% of straw coverage on runoff reduction was higher in the sandy-clay-loam soils. In other words, by increasing the percentage of clay, a higher covering percentage is needed to prevent the destruction of surface soil aggregates, thereby increasing permeability and reducing the runoff coefficient. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Organic amendment, rainfall simulator, runoff coefficient, soil conservation, soil texture | ||
| مراجع | ||
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