| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,828 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,031 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 40,821,152 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,073,791 |
تعیین بهترین تاریخ کاشت بر اساس روز- درجه رشد و تراکم بوته در برنج (Oryza sativa L.) رقم تیسا | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 126، فروردین 1399، صفحه 125-137 اصل مقاله (468.74 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2020.126741.1413 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رحمان عرفانی1؛ ابوذر عباسیان* 1؛ مجید ستاری1؛ علی محدثی1؛ فاطمه توسلی1؛ حسین رحیم سروش2؛ مهران سعیدی1؛ محمد محمد یوسفی1؛ ناهید فتحی3؛ هدی آبادیان1 | ||
| 1مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور معاونت مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور ، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران | ||
| 3کارشناس ارشد زراعت، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور معاونت مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تاریخ کاشت و فاصله کاشت دو عامل مهم برای دستیابی به عملکرد بالا در معرفی ارقام جدید میباشد. این تحقیق به‌منظور تعیین بهترین تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر اساس روز- درجه رشد (GDD) در برنج رقم تیسا طی سال‌های 1394 و 1395 در ایستگاه تحقیقات برنج تنکابن اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. کرت اصلی شامل تاریخ نشاکاری در سه سطح (تاریخ‌های 15 و 25 اردیبهشت و 4 خرداد) و کرت فرعی شامل تراکم بوته در سه سطح (28، 22 و 18 بوته در مترمربع به ترتیب با فواصل نشاکاری 30 ×12، 30×15 و 30×18 سانتی‌متر) بودند. نتایج بیانگر آن است که بین سال‌های آزمایش تنها در صفت طول خوشه تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده شد. اثر تاریخ نشاکاری بر اغلب تیمارها معنی‌دار بود و بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت 4 خرداد به میزان 6/6573 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد که با تاریخ کاشت 25 اردیبهشت نیز اختلاف معنیداری نداشت. هرچند تیمارهای تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه اثر معنیداری نداشتند، اما تیمار 28 بوته در مترمربع (12× 30 سانتی‌متر) توانست بیشترین عملکرد دانه را با 2/6445 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به خود اختصاص دهد. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق می‌توان اظهار داشت که کشاورزان منطقه می‌توانند برای دستیابی به عملکرد بیشتر این رقم را در محدوده 25 اردیبهشت تا 4 خرداد و با فاصله کاشت 12×30 سانتی‌متر (تراکم 28 بوته در مترمربع) نشاکاری نمایند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تاریخ نشاکاری؛ فاصله کاشت؛ عملکرد دانه؛ اجزای عملکرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determination of the optimum transplanting date based on GDD and the best plant density in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Tisa) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Rahman Erfani1؛ abouzar Abbasian1؛ Majid Sattari1؛ Ali Mohaddesi Mohaddesi1؛ Fatemeh Tavasoli1؛ Hosain Rahim Sourorsh2؛ Mehran Saeedi1؛ Mohammad Mohammad Yousefi1؛ Nahid Fathi3؛ Hoda Abadian1 | ||
| 1Rice research institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran. | ||
| 2Rice research institute of Iran, Agricultural research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. | ||
| 3Master of Science in Agronomy, The Rice research institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: In future climatic conditions, rice yields depend on environmental conditions of the growing season, such as temperature and available radiation rate, which in unfavorable conditions can lead to yield loss in some rice producing countries (Welch et al., 2010). Achievement to the appropriate plant density per unit area is one of the methods in increasing crop yields through crop management that as a result, all environmental factors fully utilized, while intra- and inter-plant competitions be minimized and on the other hand, suitable plant density can provide sufficient space for agronomical operations and high quality access. In general, suitable rice density is a density that is not detrimental for proper crop development and high grain yield. As the density increased, the number of primary and secondary panicles and spikelet per panicle decreased and the number of panicles per m2 increased linearly and with decreasing density, stem thickness increased (Ebrahimi Rad et al, 2018). Knowing the heat indices, such as the accumulated heat unit, which in most sources are referred to as growing degree days (GDD), can provide basic principles for determining the appropriate phenological stages and planting dates. Evaluation of cumulative GDD for different development stages will allow adjustment of planting date for rice genotype with the aim of adapting the environmental conditions in the growth period. Choosing the appropriate planting date is one of the important factors in effective crop management which has a great role in production control by adapting physiological, morphological and phenological processes of the plant such as germination and emergence, vegetative growth, flowering and maturity with favorable climatic conditions. Management of planting time for optimal production of each cultivar is one of the main factors affecting production that can be easily managed by the farmer based on environmental conditions. Proper planting date will optimize the use of yield factors, while inappropriate planting date will disrupt the balance of yield components in the plant (Esmaeilzadeh et al., 2017). Material and Methods: In order to determine proper transplanting date based on GDD and the best plant density in rice (Tisa cultivar), an experiment was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Tonekabon station during 2015 and 2016. This experiment was carried out as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot was three transplanting dates with 10 days intervals (May 4, May 14 and May 24) and the sub plot was allocated to plant density at three levels (12×30, 15×30 and 18×30 cm). Result and Discussion: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the years of experiment only for the panicle length. The effect of transplanting date was significant in the majority of the measured parameters. The highest grain yield (6573.6 kg/ha) was obtained on May 24 planting date, which did not show any significant difference with the transplanting date of May 14. Although plant density treatments had no significant effect on grain yield, 28 plants per m2 (30×12 cm) had the highest grain yield (6445.2 kg/ha). With delay in transplanting, GDD and number of days from transplanting to tillering stage as well as the time required for panicle emergence and complete maturity increased. The highest and the lowest growth degree-day (GDD) from transplanting to tillering, panicle emergence and full ripening stage were obtained on May 24 and May 4, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it can be stated that the farmers of the region can transplant this cultivar between May 14 and May 24 with a plant distance of 12×30 cm (density of 28 plants per square meter). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Transplanting date, plant distance, grain yield, yield components | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abolhasani, S.A. 2009. Effect of seed age and planting density on agronomic traits of Shirudi cultivar in bush and bunch cropping. M.Sc. Thesis of Agronomy. Islamic Azad University of Roudhen Branch, 86p. (In Persian with English Summary). Abou-Khadrah, S.H., Abo-Youssef, M.I., Hafez, E.M., and Rehan, A.A. 2014. Effect of planting methods and sowing dates on yield and yield attributes of rice varieties under D.U.S. experiment. Scientia Agriculturae, 8(3), 133-139. Awan, T.H., Cruz, Sta.P.C., and Chauhan, B.S. 2014. Ecological significance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) planting density and nitrogen rates in managing the growth and competitive ability of itch grass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) in direct-seeded rice systems. Journal of Pest Science, 88(2), 427-438. Babapoor, J. 1998. Effect different amounts of fertilizer nitrogen and plant density on the bottom of Tarom rice. Research Report. Deputy Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran (In Persian with English Summary). Baloch, A.W., Soomro, A.M., Javed, M.A., Ahmad, M., Bughio, H.R., and Bughio, M.S. 2002. Optimum plant density for high yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 1(2), 114-116. Bozorgi, H.R., Faraji, A., Khosravi Danesh, R., Keshavarz, A., Azarpour, E., and Tarighi, F. 2011. Effect of Plant Density on Yield and Yield Components of Rice. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(11), 2053-2057. Chamara, B.S., Marambe, B., and Chauhan, B.S. 2017. Management of Cleome rutidosperma DC. using high crop density in dry-seeded rice. Crop Protection, 95: 120-128. Chandra, G., and Manna, G.B. 1988 Effect of planting date seeding age and planting density on late planter wet season rice. International Rice Research Newsletter, 13(6), 30-31. Chauhan, B.S., and Johnson, D.E. 2011. Ecological studies on Echinochloa crus-galli and the implications for weed management in direct-seeded rice. Crop Protection, 30: 1385-1391. Clerget, B., Buenob, C., Domingob, A.J., Layaoenb, H.L., and Vialb, L. 2016. Leaf emergence, tillering, plant growth, and yield in response to plant density in a high yielding aerobic rice crop. Field Crops Research, 199: 52-64. Counce, P.A., and Wells, B.R. 1990. Rice plant population density effect on early season nitrogen requirement. Journal of Production Agriculture, 3(3), 390-393. Ebrahimi Rad, H., Babazadeh, H., Amiri, E., and Sedghi, H. 2018. Effect of irrigation management and planting density on yield and water productivity of rice (Hashemi cultivar). Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 31(4), 509-698 (In Persian with English Summary). Esmaeilzadeh, M., Niknejad, Y., Fallah Amoli, H., and Kheyri, N. 2017. Determination of optimum transplanting date for double cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L. CV. Tarom Mahalli) in Mazandaran. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 10(4), 991-1006 (In Persian with English Summary). Farrell, T.C., Fox, K.M., Williams, R.I., Fukai, S., and Lewin, L.G. 2004. How to improve reproductive cold tolerance of rice in Australia. International Rice Cold Tolerance Workshop CSIRO Discovery, Canberra, 22-23 July. Gholami, M. 2013. The compare of agronomical characteristics and yield of rice cultivars (cv. Koohsar and Tarom Hashemi) in first and second cropping of rice. M.Sc. Thesis of Agronomy. Islamic Azad University of Chaloos, 93p. (In Persian with English Summary). Islam, N., Kabir, M.Y., Adhikary, S.K., and Jahan, M.S. 2013. Yield performance of six local aromatic rice cultivars. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 6(3), 58–62. Islam, M.S., Hossain, M.A., Chowdhury, M.A.H., and Hannan, M.A. 2008. Effect of nitrogen and transplanting date on yield and yield components of aromatic rice. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 6(2), 291-296. Kazemeini, S.A., and Ghadiri, H. 2005. Interaction effect of plant spacing and nitrogen on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) densities. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 6(4), 415-426 (In Persian with English Summary). Khan, A., and Rahman, H.U. 2011. Effect of different planting dates on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Annals of Agrarian Science, 9(2): 1-9. Limouchi, K., and Nourzadeh Haddad, M. 2018. Effect of Planting Date on some Growth and Physiological Characteristics and Heat Tolerance in Three Rice Cultivars in Khouzestan. Plant Production Technology, 9(2), 155-165 (In Persian with English Summary). Limouchi, K., Siadat, A., and Abdolali Gilani, A. 2014. Effect of planting date on vegetative growth and yield of three rice cultivars in north regions of Khuzestan. Agronomic Research in Semi Desert Regions, 11(1), 51-63 (In Persian with English Summary). FAO. 2011. http://www.faistat.fao.org. Erfani, R., and Mohaddesi, A. 2013. Introducing the new high quality rice cultivar (Line 926). Final report of Rice research institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol. Iran, 29 pp. Mannan, M.A., Bhutya, M.S.U., Hossain, S.M.A., and Akhand, M.I.M. 2009. Study on phenology and yielding ability of basmati fine rice genotypes as influenced by planting date in aman season. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(3), 373-384. Mobasser, H.R., Mohseni Delarestaghi, M., Khorgami, A., Barari Tari, D., and Pourkalhor, H. 2007. Effect of planting density on agronomical characteristics of rice varieties in North of Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 10, 3208-3209. Mohaddesi, A., Abbasian, A., Bakhshipour, S., and Mohammad Salehi, M. 2010. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting distance on yield and yield components of rice promising Line No. 843. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 2(3), 198-208. (In Persian with English Summary). Moradpour, S., Amiri, E., Mobasser, H.R., and Madani, H. 2015. The effects of planting date and plant density on rice in Mazandaran province. New Findings in Agriculture, 9(2), 117-127 (In Persian with English Summary). Noorbakhshian, S.J. 2003. Effect of seed rate, planting date in nursery and transplanting date on yield and yield components of rice (Koohrang cultivar). Iranian Journal Crop Sciences, 5(4), 261-272 (In Persian with English Summary). Welch, J.R., Vincent, J.R., Auffthammer, M., Moya, P.F., and Dobermann, A. 2010. Rice yields in tropical/subtropical Asia exhibit large but opposing sensitivities to minimum and maximum temperatures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102: 1026-1033. Nourmohammadi, G.H., Siadat, A., and Kashani, A. 2010. Cereal crops. 9th ed. Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary). Sabeti, A., and Jafarzadeh Kenar Sari, M. 2006. Effect of planting date, plant density and planting arrangement on rice yield. Agriculture, 8(2), 13-22 (in Persian with English abstract). Sabori, H., Rezai, A., Mirmohammady Maibody, S.A.M., and Esfahani, M. 2005. Path Analysis for Rice Grain Yield and Related Traits in Tow Planting Patterns. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 9(1), 113-129 (In Persian with English Summary). Vafadar, L., Ebadi, A., and Sajed, K. 2008. Effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and some traits of Sugar beet genotypes. Journal of Crop production, 1(2), 103-120 (In Persian with English Summary). Sreenivas, G., Devender Reddy, M., and Raji Reddy, D. 2010. Agro-meteorological indices in relation to phenology of aerobic rice. Journal of Agrometeorology, 12(2), 241-244. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 506 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 464 |
||