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ارزیابی روش کشت مستقیم (بدون خاکورزی) گندم با میزان متفاوت بذر و در شرایط مختلف ارتفاع بقایای برنج در خوزستان | ||
| تحقیقات سامانهها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 21، شماره 76، دی 1399، صفحه 33-48 اصل مقاله (850.09 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/erams.2020.341322.1335 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نعیم لویمی* 1؛ الیاس دهقان2 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
| 2استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در بعضی از مناطق کشور که با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی و مزیتهای اقتصادی برنجکاری میشود، بعد از برداشت آن، گندم میکارند. با توجه به مسئله محدودیت زمان، روش کاشت مستقیم گندم، همراه با نگهداری بقایای برنج، میتواند راهکار مناسبی باشد. از طرف مقابل، وجود بقایای برنج میتواند کارکرد دستگاه کاشت مستقیم و در نتیجه عملکرد محصول را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. از این رو پروژهبررسی اثر ارتفاع بقایای گیاهی ایستادۀ برنج بر عملکرد گندم در روش کاشت بیخاکورزی با ماشین کارنده مستقیم گاسپاردو به مدت دو سال (95-93) در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی خوزستان اجرا شد. روش آزمایش در این تحقیق بر اساس طرح اسپلیت پلات و به صورت بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و در سه تکرار طرحریزی و اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی، ارتفاع بقایای ایستادۀ برنج در سه سطح 25، 35 و 45 سانتیمتر و فاکتور فرعی، مقادیر بذر گندم، در سه سطح 160، 180 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان دادکه عملکرد دانه در اثر مقادیر مختلف ارتفاع کاهبن و نیز میزان بذر اختلاف معنیداری دارد اما اثر متقابل دو عامل اختلاف معنیداری ندارد. در اثر ارتفاع کاهبن، علاوه بر عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، بوتۀ سبز شده در واحد سطح و دانه در خوشه اختلاف معنیداری نشان میدهند.مقایسۀ میانگین دو ساله عملکرد دانه بین ارتفاعهای متفاوت کاهبن نشان داد ارتفاع 25 سانتیمتری با 4634 و 45 سانتیمتری با 3894 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین و کمترین مقادیر را به دست میدهند.همچنین از نظر عملکرد بیولوژیک بین مقادیر ارتفاعهای کاهبن، ارتفاع 25 سانتیمتری با 10524 و 45 سانتیمتری با 8894 کیلوگرم در هکتار بالاترین و پایینترین بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ارتفاع کلش برنج؛ بیخاکورزی؛ عملکرد گندم؛ کاشت مستقیم؛ میزان بذر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the Direct Planting Method for Different Seed Rates of Wheat under Different Height of Rice Residues in Khuzestan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Naeim Loveimi1؛ Elyas Dehghan2 | ||
| 1Research Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In some parts of Iran, wheat will be grown up upon harvesting of previous crop, rice. Leaving over paddy stems, as plant residues, could be a good solution due to limitation of time between harvesting of rice and preparing the land for sowing wheat. On the other hand, the presence of rice residues can affect the performance of the direct planter and consequently on the yield of wheat. This study was conducted in Khuzestan province, Iran, for two years (2015-2017) to investigate the effects of height of standing rice residues, stubble height, on grain yield of wheat when direct planting machine, Gaspardo machine, was used to sow the seeds. The experiment of this project was based on split plot with randomized complete blocks design with two factors and three replications. The main factor was the rice stubble height at three levels: 25, 35 and 45 cm, and the sub factors were the wheat seed rates at three levels: 160, 180 and 200 kg.ha-1.Analysis of variance in two years showed that stubble height and seed rates had significant effects on grain yield but interaction of them had no significant effect in this index. In addition to grain yield, stubble height caused significant effects on biological yield, seedlings per m2of land, and the number of grains per spike. Based on average of two years grain yield, it has been found that among stubble height, 25 cm with 4634 kg.ha-1and 45 cm with 3894 kg.ha-1had the highest and lowest value, respectively. From the point of biological yield, the highest (10524 kg.ha-1) and lowest (8894 kg.ha-1) value were found when the height of stubbles were 25 cm and 45 cm, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Direct Cultivation, No Tillage Practice, Seed Rates, Stubble Height, Wheat Yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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