| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,873 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,555 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 42,418,863 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 19,194,468 |
امکانسنجی تولید کینوا در شرایط اقلیمی خراسان جنوبی تحت تأثیر تاریخ و تراکم کاشت | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 126، فروردین 1399، صفحه 82-104 اصل مقاله (683.69 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2020.125793.1392 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا صمدزاده1؛ غلامرضا زمانی2؛ حمیدرضا فلاحی* 2 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند | ||
| 2عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه بیرجند | ||
| چکیده | ||
| معرفی گیاهان جدید سازگار با اکوسیستم‌های تحت تنش یکی از روش‌های مفید جهت تولید پایدار محصولات زراعی در جهت تأمین امنیت غذایی می‌باشد. بر این اساس امکانسنجی تولید کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) به عنوان یک شبه‌غلة مقاوم به شوری و خشکی دارای اهمیت است. در این تحقیق اثرات زمان (15 اردیبهشت، 15 خرداد و 15 تیرماه) و تراکم کاشت (15، 30، 45 و 60 بوته در مترمربع) بر رشد رویشی و زایشی گیاه کینوا، بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل بر مبنای طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط اقلیمی بیرجند در سال 1396 بررسی شد. اثرات سادة تاریخ و تراکم کاشت و نیز اثر متقابل عوامل آزمایشی بر بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعه شامل وزن خشک بوته، تعداد شاخة جانبی در گیاه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد خوشه (پانیکول) در گیاه، طول و وزن خوشه، تعداد دانه در گیاه و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش تراکم گیاهی به 60 بوته در مترمربع و کاشت گیاه در تیرماه، وزن خشک تک‌بوته کاهش پیدا کرد. در اثر افزایش تراکم کشت از 15 به 60 بوته و حرکت از کشت بهاره (اردیبهشت) به کشت تابستانه (تیر)، تعداد خوشه در هر بوته به-ترتیب 19 و 75 درصد کاهش یافت؛ که این کاهش از طریق افزایش نسبیِ تعداد خوشه‌چه در هر خوشه تاحدودی تعدیل شد. بیشترین تعداد دانه در گیاه (806 دانه) در تراکم 15 بوته در مترمربع و تاریخ کاشت اردیبشهت‌ماه حاصل شد. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به-ترتیب از تیمارهای کاشت گیاه در اردیبشهت‌ماه با تراکم 45 بوته (380 کیلوگرم در هکتار که | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارتفاع بوته؛ پانیکل؛ شاخص برداشت؛ شاخه جانبی؛ عملکرد دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Possibility of quinoa production under South-Khorasan climatic condition as affected by planting densities and sowing dates | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Alireza Samadzadeh1؛ Gholamreza Zamani2؛ Hamid-Reza Fallahi2 | ||
| 1Faculty member of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand | ||
| 2Faculty member of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Introducing of new crops which are adapted to environmental stresses is one of the most effective methods for sustainable crop production and food security in arid regions. Accordingly, the possibility of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) production as a drought- and saline-tolerant, pseudocereal has high importance (Bagheri, 2018). This plant is able to develop even in regions where the annual precipitation is between 200–400 mm. The planting season of quinoa varies from August in the Andean highlands, extending through December, and in some areas from January to March. Quinoa sowing density may vary according to the region. For example, it has been reported to range from 0.4 to 0.6 g m2 in Bolivian Altiplano, and from 0.8 to 1.4 g m2 in Ecuador (Jancurova et al., 2009; Ruiz et al., 2014). Considering the possibility of high adaptation of quinoa to the dry climatic conditions of Iran, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of its cultivation in Birjand region, and in the first step the effects of planting date and density were investigated on its growth and yield. Materials and Methods In this research the effects of sowing date (5th, May, June and July) and plant density (15, 30, 45 and 60 plant per m-2) was studied on vegetative and reproductive growth of quinoa (Titicac cultivar) using factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design, with three replications, in Birjand, Iran, during 2017. Planting was done in rows with 30 cm distances and the variable intervals on the row based on the related density. Irrigation was applied in time intervals of 10 days and 130 kg ha-1 Urea (46% pure N) also was used during plant growth. In the last of vegetative phase six plants were sampled randomly and then some vegetative (plant height, plant dry weight, number of lateral branches) and reproductive (panicle number, length and dry weight, grain number per plant, 1000-grain weight) traits were measured. The remained plants were used to measure grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Data analysis was done using SAS 9.2 and means were compared by LSD test in 5% level of probability. Results and Discussion The simple and interaction effects of planting date and density was statistically significant on most vegetative and reproductive indices of quinoa including plant dry weight, number of lateral branches per plant, biological yield, number of panicle (cluster) per plant, length and weight of panicle, grain number per plant and grain yield. Plant dry weight decreased with increasing plant density up to 60 plant per m2 and planting in July. The number of panicles (cluster) per plant decreased due to the increase in plant density from 15 to 60 plant per m2 (by 19%) and movement from spring cultivation to summer planting (by 75%). This decrease was somewhat moderated by increasing the number of sub-cluster per cluster. The highest number of grain per plant (806 grain) was obtained in density of 15 plant per m2 and planting in early May. The highest and the lowest grain yields were obtained from May planting date with a density of 45 plants per m2 (380 kg ha-1) and planting in July with a density of 15 plants per m2 (25 kg ha-1), respectively. Against grain yield, planting in July had no negative effect on biological yield, so that, its maximum value (1968 kg ha-1) was obtained from mentioned planting date and density of 45 plant per m2. The main reason for reduction of grain yield in June and July planting dates was the occurrence of high temperatures during pollination period of the plant. Conclusions Overall, density of 45-60 plants per m2 and sowing of quinoa in May brought the best conditions for its growth and yield. However, grain yield in this treatment was also considerably lower than the actual yield of the plant, and therefore evaluation of other autumn, winter and summer planting dates is require. Observations showed that the approach of the quinoa pollination period to a high temperatures, disturbed pollination and consequently grain production declined sharply. Keywords: Harvest index, Lateral branch, Panicle, Plant height, Grain yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Harvest index, Lateral branch, Panicle, Plant height, Grain yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Bagheri, M. 2018. Quinoa cultivation. Ministry of Agriculture Press. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian). Behdani, M.A., Fallahi, H.R., and Aghhavani-Shajari, M. 2015. Future crops. University of Birjand Press. (In Persian). Bhargava, A., Shukla, S., and Ohri, D. 2007. Effect of sowing dates and row spacing's on yield and quality components of quinoa (Chenapodium quinoa) leaves. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 77(11), 748-751. Contreras-Jiméneza, B., Torres-Vargas, O.L., and Rodríguez-García, M.E. 2019. Physicochemical characterization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) flour and isolated starch. Food Chemistry, 298: 1-7. Fallahi, H.R., Ghorbani, M., Samadzadeh, A.R., Aghhavani-Shajari, M., and Asadian, A.H. 2016. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and humic acid application on growth and yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and its mycorrhizal colonization index under deficit irrigation. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 3(2), 113-128. Fallahi, H.R., Ghorbani, M., Aghhavani-Shajari, M., Asadian, A.H., and Samadzadeh, A.R. 2017. Effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and humic acid on growth and yield of Roselle and mycorrhizal symbiosis indices under drought stress condition. Final Report of Research Project, University of Birjand, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary). Geerts, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M., Vacher, J., Mamani, R., Mendoza, J., Huanca, R., Morales, B., Miranda, R., Cusicanqui, J., and Taboada, C. 2008. Introducing deficit irrigation to stabilize yields of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). European Journal of Agronomy, 28: 427-436. Hassanzadeh-Khankahdani, H., Shaker-Dagah, G.A., and Darjani, F. 2013. Determine the best planting date for quinoa in the South coastline of Iran. 1st Symposium on New Discussion in Horticultural Science. Jahrom, Iran. 19-20 November. (In Persian). Hirich, A., Choukr-Allah, R., and Jacobsen, S.E. 2014. Quinoa in Morocco - effect of sowing dates on development and yield. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 14: 1-7. Jacobsen, S.E., Jorgensen, I., and Stolen, O. 1994. Cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under temperate climatic conditions in Denmark. Journal of Agricultural Science, 122: 47-52. Jacobsen, S.E., Mujica, A., and Jensen, C.R. 2003. The resistance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to adverse abiotic factors. Food Reviews International, 19: 99-109. Jafari-Haghighi, B. 2009. A study on the relationship between grain yield and its components at suitable seed density in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) using path analysis. Plant Ecophysiology, 1(2), 14-25. (In Persian with English Summary). Jamali, S., Sharifan, H., Hezarjaribi, A., and Sepahvand, N.A. 2016. The effect of different levels of salinity on germination and growth indices of two cultivars of Quinoa. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 6(1), 87-98. (In Persian with English Summary). Jancurova, M., Minarovičova, L., and Dandar A. 2009. Quinoa - a review. Czech Journal of Food Science, 27: 71-79. Lavini, A., Pulvento, C., Andria, R., Riccardi, M., Choukr-Allah, R., Belhabib, O., Yazar, A., Incekaya, C., Metin Sezen, S., Qadir, M., and Jacobsen, S.E. 2014. Quinoa’s potential in the mediterranean region. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 200: 344-360. Mamedi, A., Tavakkol Afshari, R., Sepahvand, N.A., and Oweyse, M. 2016. Evaluation of various temperatures on Quinoa plant seeds under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science, 46(4), 583-590. (In Persian with English Summary). Mostafaei, M., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., Salehi, M., and Shahidi, A. 2018. Effect of different irrigation and density levels on functional properties of quinoa plant. 1st National Congress on the new Opportunities for Production and Employment in Agriculture Sector of Eastern Iran. 14 Feb, Birjand, Iran, pp: 153. (In Persian with English Summary). Nurse, R.E., Obeid, K., and Page, E.R. 2016. Optimal planting date, row width, and critical weed-free period for grain amaranth and quinoa grown in Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 96: 360-366. Risi, J., and Galwey, N.W. 1991. Effects of sowing date and sowing rate on plant development and grain yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in a temperate environment. Journal of Agricultural Science, 117: 325-332. Sajjad, A., Munir, H., Shakeel, E., Anjum, A., Tanveer, M., and Rehman, A. 2014. Growth and development of Chenopodium quinoa genotypes at different sowing dates. Journal of Agricultural Research, 52(4), 535-546. Salehi, M., and Dehghani, F. 2017. Quinoa: Pseudo-cereals suitable for saline water. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Amouzesh Keshavari Press. 32p. (In Persian). Scanlin, L., and Lewis, K.A. 2017. Quinoa as a sustainable protein source: Production, nutrition, and processing. In: Sustainable Protein Sources (Eds: Nadathur, S., Wanasundara, J.P.D., Scanlin, L.). Elsevier Inc. pages: 223-238. Seifati, S.E., Ramazanpour, S.S., Soltanloo, H., Salehi, M., and Sepahvand, N.A. 2015. Study on Some morphophenological traits related to yield and early maturity in Quinoa cultivars (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild.). Crop Production, 8(2), 153-169. (In Persian with English Summary). Sepahvand, N.A., and Sheykh, F. 2012. Evaluation of compatibility of Quinoa new plant in Golestan province. National Conference on Natural Products and Medicinal Plants. Bojnoord, Iran. 4-5 October. (In Persian). Sharifan, H., Mokhtari, P., and Hezarjaribi, A. 2013. The effect of super absorbent A200 on the infiltration parameters Kostiakov - Lewis equation in furrow irrigation. Journal of Water and Soil, 27(1), 205-212. (In Persian with English Summary). Ruiz, K,B., Biondi, S., Oses, R., Acuña-Rodríguez, I.S., Antognoni, F., Martinez-Mosqueira, E.A., Coulibaly, A., Canahua-Murillo, A., Pinto, M., Zurita-Silva, A., Bazile, D., Jacobsen, S.E., and Molina-Montenegro, M.A. 2014. Quinoa biodiversity and sustainability for food security under climate change. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34: 349-359. Szilagyi, L., and Jornsgard, B. 2014. Preliminary agronomic evaluation of Chenopodium quinoa under climatic conditions of Romania. Agronomy, 14:339-343. Tavousi, M., and Lotfali-Ayeneh, Gh.A. 2017. Quinoa cultivation and its related research results. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Amouzesh Keshavari Press. 32p. (In Persian) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 920 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 975 |
||