| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,784 |
| تعداد مقالات | 31,679 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 40,110,088 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 17,604,340 |
اثر نظام های کشاورزی حفاظتی و متداول برجمعیّت نماتدهای پارازیت گیاهی در نظام تناوبی گندم-چغندر قند | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 33، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 126، فروردین 1399، صفحه 44-60 اصل مقاله (516.72 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2020.125345.1385 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا اقنوم* ؛ حمید رضا شریفی؛ مسعود عزت احمدی | ||
| اعضا هیت علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر نظام های کشاورزی حفاظتی و متداول بر جمعیّت نماتدهای پارازیت گیاهی به مدت 5 سال زراعی (1396-1391) در نظام تناوبی رایج در منطقه سرد(گندم- چغندرقند) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی جلگه رخ به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. روش های خاک ورزی شامل، خاک ورزی متداول، کم خاک ورزی و بی خاک ورزی در کرت های اصلی ومدیریت بقایای گیاهی شامل تیمار بدون بقایا، حفظ 30 و 60 درصد بقایای گیاهی در کرت های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نماتد های پارازیت گیاهی شامل نماتد مولد زخم ریشه (Pratylenchus neglectus)، نماتد سنجاقی ).(Paratylenchus spp، Geocenamus spp.، نماتد ساقه و پیاز (Ditylenchus spp.)، Boleodorus spp.، .Filenchus spp و Tylenchus spp. جداسازی و تشخیص داده شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس تعداد نماتد های پارازیت گیاهی نشان داد اثر خاک ورزی بر جمعیّت Filenchus spp. و اثر برهمکنش خاک ورزی و نگهداری بقایای گیاهی بر جمعیّت نماتد سنجاقی و نماتد ساقه و پیاز معنی دار بود. اثر تیمارهای مختلف خاک ورزی، سطوح مختلف نگهداری بقایای گیاهی و برهمکنش خاک ورزی و نگهداری بقایای گیاهی بر جمعیّت سایر گونه های نماتد پارازیت گیاهی و تعداد کل نماتد های پارازیت گیاهی از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد در شرایط اقلیمی جلگه رخ و در نظام تناوبی گندم- چغندر قند، اعمال تیمار های کشاورزی حفاظتی تاثیر قابل ملاحظه ای بر جمعیّت نماتد های مهم پارازیت گیاهی نداشته است و خطر وقوع این عوامل بیماریزا را افزایش نمی دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بقایای گیاهی؛ بیماری های گیاهی؛ تناوب زراعی؛ خاک ورزی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of conservation and conventional agricultural practices on the population of plant pathogenic nematodes in the wheat-sugerbeet rotation system | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Reza Aghnoum؛ Hamidreza Sharifi؛ Masoud Ezzat-Ahmadi | ||
| khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction: In recent years, conservation agriculture-based cropping systems have been widely adopted by many farmers in different regions of the world (Hobbs et al., 2008). Many benefits are associated with conservation agriculture which include improvement of soil productivity, reduction of soil erosion, improvement of water-use efficiency, increasing soil biodiversity and soil biological activity and reduction in labour requirement. However, the three main principles of conservation agriculture- e.g., minimal soil disturbance (no-tillage), crop residue management and crop rotation may have direct and indirect effect on the population of soil-borne plant pathogens, including plant parasitic nematodes. Therefore, depending on the local agro-ecological environment, it is necessary to investigate the effect of conservation agriculture practices on plant diseases and pests. The main objective of this research was to compare the possible differential impacts of conservation agriculture practices and the conventional agriculture practices on the population of plant parasitic nematodes in wheat-suger beet rotation system. Materials and Methods: The effects of tillage systems and residue management of the wheat - sugar beet rotation systems on the density population of plant parasitic nematodes were determined during 5 consecutive cropping seasons (2012-2017) at Jolge Rokh Agricultural Research Station, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block with three replications. Three tillage systems (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) were assigned to the main plots and three levels of residue management (0, 30, and 60%) were assigned to the sub plots. To determine the population of plant parasitic nematodes in soil, samples were taken from each plot. The nematodes were extracted using sieving and centrifugal-flotation technique and identified based on the relevant diagnostic keys (Hunt, 1993). Results and Discussion: Plant parasitic nematodes including root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus), pin nematode (Paratylenchus spp.), Geocenamus spp., stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus spp.), Boleodorus spp. Tylenchus spp. and Filenchus spp. were identified and their populations were measured in different treatments. The results of analysis of variance of the plant parasitic nematodes showed that the effect of tillage on the population of Filenchus spp. and the interaction between tillage × residue retention on the population of pin nematode (Paratylenchus spp.) and stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus spp.) was significant at α=5%. The results of analysis of variance also indicated that the effect of tillage methods, residue retention and the interaction between tillage × residue retention on the population of other identified plant parasitic nematodes and the total number of plant parasitic nematodes were not statistically significant in the wheat-sugerbeet rotation system at the Jolge Rokh conditions. In general, the results showed that the conservation agriculture practices have no significant influence on the population of major plant parasitic nematodes in the wheat-suger beet cropping system at the Jolge Rokh conditions. However, since the population dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes are highly influenced by many factors including environmental conditions, physical, chemical and biological properties of soil as well as the crop plants used in rotation system, any technical advice for using conservation agriculture cropping systems should be based on the results of local reseach and agroechological condions. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) and the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) of the Iranian Ministry of Agriculture Jihad (project number 01-43-03-9153-91002).The authors would like to thank AREEO and SPII for their financial and administrative support. The authors would like also to thank Mr. Amir Ahmadian Yazdi and A. Rastegar Pymani from the Plant Protection Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center for their technical assistance. Key words: Crop rotation, plant disease, plant residue, tillage References: Govaerts, B., Mezzalama, M., Unno, Y., Sayre, K., Luna-Guido, M., Vanherck, M., Dendooven, L., Deckers, J. 2007b. Influence of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on soil microbial biomass and catabolic diversity. Applied Soil Ecology, 37:18–30. Hobbs, P. R., Sayre K., Gupta, R. 2008. The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B .363: 543–555 Hunt, D.J. 1993. Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae: their systematics and bionomics. CAB International , Hertfordshire, UK, pp 352 | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Crop rotation, plant disease, plant residue, tillage | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology (Fifth Edition), Elsevier Academic Press. Burlington, USA Bailey, K.L., Gossen, B.D., Lafond, G.R., Watson, P.R., and Derksen, D.A. 2001. Effect of tillage and crop rotation on root and foliar diseases of wheat and pea in Saskatchewan from 1991 to 1998: Univariate and multivariate analyses. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 81:789-803. Bailey, K.L., and Lazarovits, G. 2003. Suppressing soil-borne diseases with residue management and organic amendments. Soil Tillage Research, 72:169–180. Cook, R.J. 2006. Toward cropping systems that enhance productivity and sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 103:18389-18394. Coyne, D.L., Nicol-Benin, J.M., and Claudius-Cole, B. 2007. Practical plant nematology: a field and laboratory guide. SP-IPM Secretariat, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou. 84pp Duveiller, E., Bridge, J., Rutherford, M., and Keeling, S. 2004. Soil health and sustainability of the rice wheat systems of the Indo Gangetic plains. Rice-Wheat Consortium Paper Series 16. RWC, New Delhi Govaerts, B., Fuentes, M., Mezzalama, M., Nicol, J.M., Deckers, J., Etchevers, J.D., Figueroa-Sandoval, B., and Sayre, K.D.2007a. Infiltration, soil moisture, root rot and nematode populations after 12 years of different tillage, residue and crop rotation managements. Soil Tillage Research, 94:209-219. Govaerts, B., Mezzalama, M., Unno, Y., Sayre, K., Luna-Guido, M., Vanherck, M., Dendooven, L., and Deckers, J. 2007b. Influence of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on soil microbial biomass and catabolic diversity. Applied Soil Ecology, 37:18–30. Govaerts, B., Mezzalama, M., Sayre, K.D., Crossa, J., Nicol, J.M., and Deckers, J. 2006. Long-term consequences of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on maize/wheat root rot and nematode populations in subtropical highlands. Applied Soil Ecology, 32:305-315. Handoo, Z. A., and Golden, A. M. 1989. A key and compendium to the species of Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (lesion nematodes). Journal of Nematology, 21:202-218. Hobbs, P. R., Sayre, K., and Gupta, R. 2008. The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 363: 543–555. Hunt, D.J. 1993. Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae: their systematics and bionomics. CAB International, Hertfordshire, UK, pp 352. Jenkins. W.R. 1964. A rapid centrifugal-flotation technique for separating nematodes from soil. Plant Disease Reporter. 48:692 Johnson, A.W., Dowler, C.C., and Handoo, Z.A. 2000. Population dynamics of Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and other nematodes and crop yields in rotations of cotton, peanut, and wheat under minimum tillage. Journal of Nematology, 32:52–61 Kassam, A., Friedrich T., and Derpsch R. 2019. Global spread of Conservation Agriculture, International Journal of Environmental Studies. 76: 29–51 Kassam, A.H., Friedrich, T., Shaxson, F., and Pretty, J. 2009. The spread of conservation agriculture: justification, sustainability and uptake. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 7:1–29. Loof, P.A.A. 1978. The genus Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) : A review of its anatomy, morphology, distribution, systematics and identification. Landbowhoge school, Wageningen, The Netherlands 50 pp. López-Fando C., and Bello, A. 1995.Variability in soil nematode populations due to tillage and crop rotation in semi-arid mediterranean agrosystems. Soil and Tillage Research. 36:59-72. Lupwayi, N.Z., Monreal, M.A., Clayton, G.W., Grant, C.A., Johnston, A.M., and Rice, W.A. 2001. Soil microbial biomass and diversity respond to tillage and sulphur fertilizers. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 81:577–589. Mezzalama, M., Govaerts, B., Sayre, K., and Verhulst, N. 2011.Conservation agriculture: a solution to soil degradation and soil-borne diseases? SP-IPM Technical Innovation Briefs. No.14,September 2011 (www.spipm.cgiar.org) Nickle, W.R. 1991. Manual of agricultural nematology. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, 1035 pp. Raaijmakers, J.M., Paulitz, T.C., Steinberg, C., Alabouvette, C., and Moënne-Loccoz, Y. 2009. The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Plant Soil, 321:341–361. Robertson, A. 2009. Controlling Corn Diseases in Conservation Tillage. Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Saari, E.E., and Prescott, J.M. 1975. A scale for appraising the foliar intensity of wheat disease. Plant Disease Reporter, 59: 377–380. Schillinger, W. F., Cook, R. J., and Papendick, R. I. 1999. Increased dryland cropping intensity with no-till barley. Agronomy Journal, 91:744-752. Schroeder, K.L., and Paulitz, T.C. 2006. Root diseases of wheat and barley during the transition from conventional tillage to direct seeding. Plant Disease, 90:1247-1253.. Seid, A., Piggin, C., Haddad, A., Kumar, S., Khalil, K., and Geletu, B. 2012. Nematode and fungal diseases of food legumes under conservation cropping systems in northern Syria. Soil Tillage, 121:68–73. Siddiqi, M.R. 1986. Tylenchida, parasites of plants and insects. CAB International, UK, 645 pp. Spedding, T.A., Hamel, C., Mehuys, G.R., and Madramootoo, C.A. 2004. Soil microbial dynamics in maizegrowing soil under different tillage and residue management systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36:499–512. Thierfelder, C., Rusinamhodzi, L., Ngwira, A.R., Mupangwa, W., Nyagumbo, I., Kassie, G.T., and Cairns, J.E. 2014. Conservation agriculture in Southern Africa: advances in knowledge. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 30 (4): 328-348. Thierfelder, C., Cheesman, S., and Rusinamhodzi, L. 2013. Benefits and challenges of crop rotations in maize-based conservation agriculture (CA) cropping systems of southern Africa. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 11:108–124. Turkington, T. K., and Clayton G.W. 2000. Crop Rotation and Plant Disease Management. http://www.ssca.ca/conference/2000proceedings/Turkington.html Twomlow, S., Urolov, J.C., Jenrich, M., and Oldrieve, B. 2008. Lessons from the field-Zimbabw,s conservation agriculture task force. Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, 6(1):1–11. Verhulst, N., Govaerts, B., Verachtert, E., Castellanos-Navarrete, A., Mezzalama, M., Wall, P., Deckers, J., and Sayre, K.D. 2010. Conservation Agriculture, Improving Soil Quality for Sustainable Production Systems? In: Lal, R., Stewart, B.A. (Eds.), Advances in Soil Science: Food Security and Soil Quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 137-208. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 406 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 290 |
||