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ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت و سویا در کشت مخلوط در شرایط رقابتی تاج خروس و تاتوره | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 3، شماره 1، شهریور 1386، صفحه 39-58 اصل مقاله (333.12 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فائزه زعفریان1؛ محمد آقاعلیخانی2؛ حمید رحیمیان مشهدی2؛ اسکندر زند3؛ محمد رضوانی2 | ||
| 1دکتری | ||
| 2استاد دانشگاه | ||
| 3محقق | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی نقش کشت مخلوط ذرت / سویا بر کارایی استفاده از منابع و جلوگیری از رشد علف‌های هرز ، آزمایشی در سال 1385 در مزرعة پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران واقع در کرج به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام شد. عوامل مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از: 5 نسبت اختلاط دو گونه گیاه زراعی ذرت (Zea mays) و سویا (Glycine max) شامل: 0 % سویا: 100 % ذرت (P1)، 25 % سویا: 75 % ذرت (P2)، 50 % سویا: 50 % ذرت (P3)، 75 % سویا: 25 % ذرت (P4)، 100 % سویا: 0 % ذرت (P5)، و 4 سطح آلودگی علف‌هرز تاج خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus) و تاتوره (Datura stramonium) شامل: عاری از علف هرز (W1)، آلوده به تاج‌خروس در تمام فصل (W2)، آلوده به تاتوره در تمام فصل (W3) و آلودگی توام به تاج خروس و تاتوره در طول فصل (W4). تراکم علف‌های هرز در هر کرت 15 بوته در متر از طول ردیف بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان عملکرد ذرت (8/9627 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار P2W1 و کمترین آن (7/3916 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار P4W4مشاهده شد. ولی بالاترین میزان عملکرد سویا (0/ 5050 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تک‌کشتی عاری از علف هرز و کمترین میزان آن (67/365 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار P2W4 دیده شد. بالاترین میزان اجزای عملکرد ذرت مانند تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف و وزن هزار دانه در تیمار P4W1 بدست آمد، در صورتی که، بالاترین میزان اجزای عملکرد سویا از قبیل تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن هزار دانه در تک‌کشتی سویا و در شرایط بدون علف هرز (تیمار (P5W1 حاصل شد. این ترکیب تیماری همچنین بیشترین میزان شاخص برداشت سویا را به خود اختصاص داد. این بدان معناست که با کاهش سهم یا نسبت ذرت در مخلوط، اجزای عملکرد ذرت و سویا افزایش می‌یابد. بالاترین میزان زیست توده علف‌هرز (73/376 گرم در متر مربع) در تک‌کشتی سویا آلوده به تاتوره بدست آمد. بدین ترتیب کشت مخلوط ذرت و سویا در مقایسه با تک‌کشتی کاهش‌های معنی‌داری در زیست توده علف های هرز ایجاد نمود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کشت مخلوط؛ ذرت دانه‌ای؛ سویا؛ تاج خروس؛ تاتوره و رقابت علف هرز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Yield and Yield Components Response of Corn/Soybean Intercrop to Simultaneous Competition of Redroot Pigweed and Jimson weed | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| faeze zaefarian1؛ mohammad aghalikhani2؛ hamid rahimian mashadi2؛ eskandar zand3؛ mohammad rezvani2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the role of intercropping of corn/soybean on the resource use efficiency and suppression of weeds, a field experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Research Farm, University of Tehran in 2006. Treatments were arranged in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were five different mixing ratios of corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max ) consisting of 100% : 0% (P1), 75% : 25% (P2), 50% : 50% (P3), 25% : 75% (P4) and 0% : 100% (P5) . The weed infestation consisted of one weed free (W1), and three levels of weed infestation of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) (W2), jimson weed (Datura stramonium) (W3) and a simultaneous presence of redroot pigweed and jimson weed (W4). Weed density for both species was 15 plant m-1 of crop row in weed infested treatments. The Correspondence to: M. Aghaalikhani, maghaalikhani@modares.ac.ir results showed the highest yield of corn (9627.8 kg ha-1) was obtained in the P2W1 treatment, and the lowest (3916.7 kg ha-1) was in P2W4. But the highest yield of soybean (5050.00 kg ha-1) was seen in P5W1 and the lowest (365.67 kg ha-1) in P2W4. Some yield components of corn such as the kernel row number per ear , kernel number per row, and 1000 kernel weight were highest for P4W1, but the harvest Index was highest (0.45) for P2W1 and lowest (0.20) for P4W4. Some yield components of soybean such as pod number per plant, grain number per pod and 1000 grain weight were highest in the monoculture of soybean and the weed free treatment (P5W1). This treatment had the highest soybean harvest index. It could be concluded that decreasing the corn/soybean ratio in the cropping rows will increase the corn and soybean yield components. The highest weed biomass (376.73 g m-2) was obtained in the monoculture of soybean infested with jimson weed and redroot pigweed. Therefore, it could be stated that corn/soybean intercropping significantly reduced the weed biomass comparing to both monocultures. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Intercropping, grain corn, Soybean, redroot pigweed, jimson weed, Weed competition | ||
| مراجع | ||
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