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اثر گیاهان پوششی بر کنترل علفهایهرز و عملکرد دانه ذرت در شرایط خاکورزی حفاظتی | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 15، شماره 2، آذر 1398، صفحه 65-77 اصل مقاله (597.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/IJWS.2019.1502.06 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پرویز شریفی زیوه* 1؛ احمد توبه2؛ عبدالقیوم قلی پوری3؛ محمدتقی آل ابراهیم2؛ بتول صمدانی4 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی مغان و دانشجوی دکتری | ||
| 2دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 3دانشیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 4استادیار موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کاشت گیاهان پوششی قبل از گیاه اصلی همراه با خاکورزی حفاظتی، یکی از روشهای موثر در کنترل علفهایهرز و رسیدن به کشاورزی پایدار است. به این منظور، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 95-1394، با انتخاب شش تیمار جو پاییزه (Hordeum vulgare)، چاودار پاییزه (Secale cereal)، کلزا (Brassica napus)، ماشک گلخوشهای (Vicia villosa)، شبدر کریمسون (Trifolium incarnatum) و تیمار شاهد در یک سیستم بیخاکورزی در مزرعه پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. اثر تیمارها بر تراکم کل علفهایهرز، معنیدار بود. کاهش تراکم کل علفهایهرز زمستانه و بهاره در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار پاییزه، کلزا، ماشک گلخوشهای و شبدر لاکی، به ترتیب 5/83، 25/77، 25/66، 51 و 25/26 درصد نسبت به شاهد به دست آمد. کاهش تراکم علفهایهرز با افزایش میزان پوشش سطح خاک و زیستتوده توسط گیاهان پوششی همراه بود. بیشترین زیستتوده، به ترتیب در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار پاییزه، کلزا، ماشکگل خوشهای و شبدر لاکی به دست آمد. اثر گیاهان پوششی بر عملکرد دانه ذرت معنیدار بود و عملکرد دانه ذرت در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار، کلزا، ماشک گلخوشهای، شبدر لاکی و شاهد بدون گیاهپوششی، به ترتیب 12/9، 45/8، 92/7، 93/6، 52/6 و 31/6 تن بر هکتار بود. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، میتوان غلات را در تلفیق با خاکورزی حفاظتی به کار برد تا ضمن کنترل پایدار علفهایهرز و کاهش نهادههای شیمیایی، در نهایت به عملکرد مطلوبی دست یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تراکم علفهایهرز؛ چاودار؛ خاکورزی حفاظتی؛ زیست توده؛ شبدر لاکی؛ علف هرز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of cover crops on weed control and corn grain yield in conservative tillage system | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| parviz sharifiziveh1؛ ahmad tobeh2؛ abdolghaum gholipouri3؛ Mohammadtagh Alebrahim2؛ Batoul Samdani4 | ||
| 1faculty | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Crop breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy and Crop breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant professor of Plant Protection Institute | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The use of cover crops before planting the main plant along with selecting the type of tillage can be considered as one of the effective methods in sustainable agriculture. In order to show the efficacy of this system, an experiment was conducted in a no-tillage system and with six treatments, barely (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereal L.), rape (Brassica napus L.), vetch (Vicia villosa L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and control, in a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the farms of agriculture and education research center and natural resources of Ardabil Province (Moghan) during the 2015-2017. Variance analysis showed that the effect of the treatments on the total weed density was significant. On average, in four sampling stages, total control of winter and spring weed at barley, rye, rape, vetch and clover treatments were 83.5,77.25,66,25,51, and 26.25 respectively. The results also showed that the soil cover percentage was significantly | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Crimson clover, conservative tillage system, rye, weed density, weed biomass | ||
| مراجع | ||
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